<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0123-885X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Estudios Sociales]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[rev.estud.soc.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0123-885X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de los Andes]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0123-885X2022000300093</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7440/res81.2022.06</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Enseñar un pasado controvertido desde un presente polarizado: la memoria histórica en España desde la perspectiva docente]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Teaching a Controversial Past from a Polarized Present: Historical Memory in Spain from a Teaching Perspective]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Ensinar um passado controverso a partir de um presente polarizado: a memória histórica na Espanha sob a perspectiva docente]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rosendo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-Agustí]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muñoz-Labraña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Valladolid  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Valladolid  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Concepción  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>81</numero>
<fpage>93</fpage>
<lpage>112</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0123-885X2022000300093&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0123-885X2022000300093&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0123-885X2022000300093&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: En sociedades con memorias divididas y contradictorias sobre su pasado cercano, la memoria histórica resultante está fuertemente condicionada por un proceso de construcción cultural, público y mediatizado que dificulta un adecuado tratamiento educativo de la historia reciente y la memoria en las aulas. Este es el caso de España, donde, tras una cruenta guerra civil (1936-1939), una larga dictadura (1939-1975) y una transición a la democracia pactada, la memoria histórica continúa despertando relatos enfrentados, fuertemente conectados a intereses del presente. En esta investigación nos hemos centrado en las opiniones de un grupo de 39 profesores de siete ciudades y territorios históricos españoles, que han sido entrevistados con el objetivo de conocer sus experiencias y analizar sus concepciones respecto a la memoria histórica y su gestión pública en España. Las percepciones de los docentes son relevantes por ser representativas de una población culta, con formación histórica, pero sobre todo por cuanto ejercen un papel fundamental en la construcción o transmisión de memorias desde el ámbito educativo. Los resultados muestran una profunda división en torno a la memoria histórica y su recuperación en el contexto español. A pesar del tiempo transcurrido, los profesores de historia no dudan en reconocer en el presente la fractura social de la guerra civil y el franquismo, que conectan con ideologías y discursos políticos actuales. Esta situación, a nivel educativo, conlleva el tratamiento de dichos acontecimientos desde miradas equidistantes e igualadoras para evitar el conflicto y la interpretación problematizada en pro de una visión superficial y pacificadora. Estos resultados nos permiten comprender cómo ciertas memorias colectivas de sociedades en conflicto perduran en el tiempo y es la polarización del presente la que potencia una lectura mitificada del pasado.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: In societies with divided and contradictory memories of their recent past, the resulting historical memory is heavily conditioned by a process of cultural, public, and mediatized construction that hinders a proper educational treatment of recent history and memory in the classroom. This is the case of Spain, where, after a long dictatorship (1939-1975), an agreed transition to democracy and the memory of the civil war (1936-1939), continue to give rise to conflicting narratives, strongly connected to present interests. In this study, we focus on the conceptions and opinions of a group of 39 teachers from seven Spanish cities and historical territories. They have been interviewed in order to learn about their experiences and to analyze their conceptions regarding historical memory and its public management in Spain. Teachers&#8217; perceptions are relevant because they are representative of an educated population, with historical training, but above all because they play a fundamental role in the construction or transmission of memories from the educational sphere. The results reveal a deep divide around historical memory and its recovery in the Spanish context. Despite the time that has passed, history professors do not hesitate in recognizing today the social fracture of the civil war and Franco&#8217;s regime, which they connect with current ideologies and political discourses. At educational level, these events are treated from an equidistant and equalizing perspective in order to avoid conflict and problematized interpretation in favor of a superficial and pacifying vision. The results suggest that certain collective memories of societies in conflict persist over time, and that it is the polarization of the present that encourages a mythologized reading of the past.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo: Em sociedades com memórias divididas e contraditórias sobre seu passado recente, a memória histórica resultante está fortemente condicionada por um processo de construção cultural, público e midiatizado que dificulta um adequado tratamento educacional da história recente e da memória na sala de aula. Esse é o caso da Espanha, onde, após uma longa ditadura (1939-1975), uma transição à democracia pactada e a memória da guerra civil (1936-1939), continuam despertando relatos enfrentados, fortemente conectados a interesses do presente. Nesta pesquisa, focamo-nos nas concepções e opiniões de um grupo de 39 professores de sete cidades e territórios históricos espanhóis, que foram entrevistados com o objetivo de conhecer suas experiências e analisar suas concepções quanto à memória histórica e sua gestão pública na Espanha. As percepções dos docentes são relevantes por serem representativas de uma população culta, com formação histórica, mas principalmente por quanto exercem um papel fundamental na construção ou transmissão de memórias a partir do âmbito educacional. Os resultados mostram uma profunda divisão em torno da memória histórica e sua recuperação no contexto espanhol. Apesar do tempo transcorrido, os professores de História não duvidam em reconhecer no presente a fratura social da guerra civil e do franquismo, que conectam com ideologias e discursos políticos atuais. Essa situação, no âmbito educacional, implica o tratamento desses acontecimentos sob visões equidistantes e igualadoras para evitar o conflito e a interpretação problematizada em prol de uma visão superficial e pacificadora. Esses resultados nos permitem compreender como certas memórias coletivas de sociedades em conflito permanecem no tempo, e é a polarização do presente o que potencializa uma leitura mitificada do passado.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Educación histórica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[guerra civil]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[historia contemporánea]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[justicia transicional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[memorias sociales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[profesores de historia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Civil war]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[contemporary history]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[historical education]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[history teachers]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[social memories]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[transitional justice]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Educação histórica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[guerra civil]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[história contemporânea]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[justiça de transição]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[memórias sociais]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[professores de História]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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