<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0123-885X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Estudios Sociales]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[rev.estud.soc.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0123-885X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de los Andes]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0123-885X2025000200077</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7440/res92.2025.05</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Cuidado infantil, género y política pública en los barrios marginales de Lima, Perú]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Childcare, Gender, and Public Policy in Lima&#8217;s Marginalized Neighborhoods (Peru)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Cuidado infantil, gênero e políticas públicas nos bairros marginais de Lima, Peru]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rousseau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Stéphanie]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cavagnoud]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Robin]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espinosa Anaya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nícola]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>01</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>01</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>92</numero>
<fpage>77</fpage>
<lpage>92</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0123-885X2025000200077&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0123-885X2025000200077&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0123-885X2025000200077&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen. Las persistentes brechas de género en las oportunidades laborales afectan especialmente a las mujeres de sectores socioeconómicos vulnerables. Una de las variables clave es la organización social de los cuidados y, en particular, del cuidado de los niños pequeños. Lo que corresponde al cuidado de la primera infancia queda muchas veces fuera de la oferta de servicios públicos. A partir de un estudio de caso con entrevistas a profundidad sobre la organización del cuidado infantil en distritos urbano-marginales de Lima, este artículo presenta la experiencia social de madres con los programas de educación y cuidado de la primera infancia financiados por el Estado para ilustrar los escollos del diseño de la política pública. Se muestra que, por lo general, es poco probable que las madres dejen a sus hijos bajo el cuidado de estos programas, a no ser que no tengan otra opción, y también es común que no tengan acceso a ellos debido a la escasa prestación de servicios. Los resultados indican que varios elementos propios del diseño de los servicios de guardería financiados por el Estado peruano van en contra de la expansión de la demanda de estos. Adicionalmente, una estricta ética del deber maternal se superpone a la desconfianza, que no necesariamente es resultado de la experiencia concreta de las madres con estos servicios. La ausencia de cuidadoras disponibles dentro de la red familiar es la principal razón invocada para justificar el uso de guarderías. La mayoría de las madres entrevistadas que nunca han recurrido a los servicios de guardería tienen una percepción negativa de esta opción, aunque reconozcan que la necesitan.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract. Persistent gender disparities in employment opportunities disproportionately affect women in socioeconomically vulnerable communities. A key factor influencing this inequality is the social organization of caregiving, particularly early childhood care, which often falls outside the scope of public service provision. This article draws on a case study with in-depth interviews on childcare arrangements in urban-marginal districts of Lima, exploring the experiences of mothers with state-funded early childhood education and care programs. It highlights the structural challenges in public policy design that hinder access and participation. Findings reveal that mothers are generally reluctant to enroll their children in these programs unless they have no alternative. Additionally, limited service availability creates significant barriers to access. The study indicates that several aspects of the design of Peruvian state-funded daycare services actively discourage demand. Furthermore, a deeply ingrained maternal duty ethic reinforces distrust toward these programs-distrust that is often not based on direct experience. The most common reason cited for using daycare is the absence of alternative caregivers within the family network. Notably, many mothers who have never used daycare services perceive them negatively, despite recognizing their necessity.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo. As persistentes disparidades de gênero nas oportunidades de emprego afetam particularmente as mulheres de setores socioeconômicos vulneráveis. Uma das variáveis-chave é a organização social do cuidado e, em particular, o cuidado de crianças pequenas. Os cuidados na primeira infância muitas vezes não são contemplados na oferta de serviços públicos. Com base em um estudo de caso com entrevistas detalhadas sobre a organização do cuidado infantil em distritos urbanos marginais de Lima, este artigo apresenta a experiência social de mães com programas de educação e cuidados na primeira infância financiados pelo Estado para ilustrar as limitações da elaboração de políticas públicas. Isso mostra que é pouco provável que as mães deixem seus filhos sob os cuidados desses programas, a menos que não tenham outra opção, e é comum que não tenham acesso a eles devido à escassa prestação de serviços. Os resultados indicam que vários elementos da elaboração dos serviços de cuidado infantil financiados pelo Estado peruano vão na contramão da expansão da demanda por eles. Além disso, uma ética estrita do dever materno se sobrepõe à desconfiança, que não é necessariamente o resultado da experiência concreta das mães com esses serviços. A ausência de cuidadores disponíveis na rede familiar é o principal motivo citado para justificar o uso de creches. A maioria das mães entrevistadas que nunca utilizou os serviços de creches tem uma percepção negativa dessa opção, mesmo que reconheçam a necessidade.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cuidado infantil]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[género]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Perú]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pobreza urbana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[prestación de servicios]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[childcare]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[gender]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Peru]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[service provision]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[urban poverty]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[cuidado infantil]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[gênero]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Peru]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[pobreza urbana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[prestação de serviços]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Acevedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ivonne]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castellani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francesca]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lotti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Giulia]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Székely]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Miguel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Brechas de género en el mercado laboral en tiempos de covid-19 en América Latina y el Caribe]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington, D. C. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[BID.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguirre Cuns]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rosario]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;La política de cuidados en Uruguay: ¿un avance para la igualdad de género?&#8221;]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Estudos Feministas]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>795-813</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alcázar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lorena]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Balarín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Glave]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cristina]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Fernanda]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Más allá de los ninis: los jóvenes urbano-vulnerables en el Perú]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lima ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Grupo de Análisis para el Desarrollo (Grade).]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anderson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jeanine]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;Mujeres en la política: más allá de los programas alimentarios&#8221;]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Coyuntura: Análisis Económico y Social de Actualidad]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<page-range>12-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Banco Mundial</collab>
<source><![CDATA[&#8220;Población activa, mujeres (% de la población activa total) - Latin American and Caribbean&#8221;]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barbosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pedro]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fabris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ligia]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abbas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lorena]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caruso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gabriela]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giusti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Víctor]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coimbra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Beatriz]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;Moving Away from Familism by Default?: The Trends of Family Policies in Latin America&#8221;]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Third World Quarterly]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>1865-83</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Batthyáni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Karina]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Las políticas y el cuidado en América Latina: una mirada a las experiencias regionales]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago de Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blofield]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Merike]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez Franzoni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juliana]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;Maternalism, Co-responsibility, and Social Equity: A Typology of Work-Family Policies&#8221;]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State &amp; Society]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>38-59</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blondet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cecilia]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carmen]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Hoy: menú popular. Comedores en Lima]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lima ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[IEP.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cueto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Santiago]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guerrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gabriela]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[León]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zevallos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Álvaro]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sugimaru]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Claudia]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Promoting Early Childhood Development through a Public Programme: Wawa Wasi in Peru]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Oxford Young Lives Project.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Ministerio de la Mujer y Poblaciones Vulnerables</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Decreto Supremo 002]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Ministerio de la Mujer y Poblaciones Vulnerables</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Decreto Supremo 008]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Filgueira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fernando]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez Franzoni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juliana]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;Growth to Limits of Female Labor Participation in Latin America&#8217;s Unequal Care Regime&#8221;]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State &amp; Society]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>245-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guerrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gabriela]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Demarini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Flavia]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;Atención y educación de la primera infancia en el Perú: avances y retos pendientes&#8221;]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Investigación para el desarrollo en el Perú: once balances]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<page-range>163-206</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lima ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Grupo de Análisis para el Desarrollo (Grade).]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>INEI (Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Censo de población y vivienda]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lima ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[INEI.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>INEI (Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Brechas de género 2021: avances hacia la igualdad de mujeres y hombres]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lima ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[INEI.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>INEI (Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Brechas de género 2023: avances hacia la igualdad de mujeres y hombres]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lima ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[INEI.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lopreite]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Débora]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Macdonald]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Laura]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;Gender and Latin American Welfare Regimes: Early Childhood Education and Care Policies in Argentina and Mexico&#8221;]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State &amp; Society]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>80-102</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Madalozzo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Regina]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blofield]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Merike]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;Como famílias de baixa renda em São Paulo conciliam trabalho e família?&#8221;]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Estudos Feministas]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>215-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mahon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rianne]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;After Neo-Liberalism?: The OECD, the World Bank and the Child&#8221;]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Global Social Policy]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>172-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez Franzoni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juliana]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-Ancochea]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diego]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;Overcoming Segmentation in Social Policy?: Comparing New Early Education and Childcare Efforts in Costa Rica and Uruguay&#8221;]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bulletin of Latin American Research]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>423-37</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez Franzoni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juliana]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-Ancochea]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diego]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;Are Welfare Regimes a Useful Category?: The Cross-Sectoral Variation in Social Policy in Latin America at the End of the Commodity Boom&#8221;]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Development Studies Research]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>294-308</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marzonetto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gabriela Lucía]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[&#8220;La política de los programas de cuidado infantil en América Latina: un análisis comparado de Argentina, Chile y Uruguay (2005-2015)&#8221;]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional de San Martín.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mateo Díaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mercedes]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-Chamussy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lourdes]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Educación que rinde: mujeres, trabajo y cuidado infantil en América Latina y el Caribe]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington, D. C. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[BID.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>MEF (Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Evaluación de diseño y ejecución presupuestal Programa Nacional Cuna Más]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lima ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Midis (Ministerio de Desarrollo e Inclusión Social)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Necesidades y posibles soluciones de innovación en el Programa Nacional Cuna Más]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lima ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Midis.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Midis (Ministerio de Desarrollo e Inclusión Social)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Directiva modelo de cogestión comunal para la implementación y funcionamiento de los servicios del Programa Nacional Cuna Más]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lima ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Midis.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>MIMP (Ministerio de la Mujer y Poblaciones Vulnerables)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Plan Nacional de Acción por la Infancia y la Adolescencia 2012-2021]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lima ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[MIMP.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>MIMP (Ministerio de la Mujer y Poblaciones Vulnerables)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Noveno informe anual de avances del Plan Nacional de Acción por la Infancia y la Adolescencia 2012-2021]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lima ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[MIMP.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Ministerio de Educación</collab>
<source><![CDATA[&#8220;Minedu inició implementación de 316 educunas en las 26 regiones del país&#8221;]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Molyneux]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maxine]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;Gender and the Silences of Social Capital: Lessons from Latin America&#8221;]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Development and Change]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>167-88</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ocampo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Antonio]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez-Arteaga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Natalie]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;Social Protection Systems in Latin America: Toward Universalism and Redistribution&#8221;]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ocampo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Antonio]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stiglitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joseph Eugene]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Welfare State Revisited]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<page-range>230-57</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Columbia University Press.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>OCDE (Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Igualdad de género en el Perú: hacia una mejor distribución del trabajo remunerado y no remunerado]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[París ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[OCDE.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>OIT (Organización Internacional del Trabajo)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Indicadores del mercado laboral]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pribble]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jennifer]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;Worlds Apart: Social Policy Regimes in Latin America&#8221;]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Studies in Comparative International Development]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>191-216</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Vanessa]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Estrategias de cuidado infantil en familias vulnerables peruanas: evidencia del estudio cualitativo longitudinal Niños del Milenio]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lima ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Grupo de Análisis para el Desarrollo (Grade).]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Vanessa]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bravo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francis]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Experiencias de convivencia, matrimonio y maternidad/paternidad en adolescentes y jóvenes peruanos]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lima ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Grupo de Análisis para el Desarrollo (Grade).]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rousseau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Stéphanie]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Women&#8217;s Citizenship in Peru: The Paradoxes of Neopopulism in Latin America]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Palgrave Macmillan.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Staab]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Silke]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;Social Investment Policies in Chile and Latin America: Towards Equal Opportunities for Women and Children?&#8221;]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Social Policy]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>607-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Staab]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Silke]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gerhard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roberto]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;Putting Two and Two Together? Early Childhood Education, Mothers&#8217; Employment and Care Service Expansion in Chile and Mexico&#8221;]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Development &amp; Change]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>1079-107</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zibecchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carla]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;Mujeres cuidadoras en contextos de pobreza: el caso de los programas de transferencias condicionados en Argentina&#8221;]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Estudos Feministas]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>91-113</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
