<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0123-885X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Estudios Sociales]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[rev.estud.soc.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0123-885X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de los Andes]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0123-885X2025000400023</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7440/res94.2025.02</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Democracia e liberdade em disputa nas redes: uma análise da tentativa de golpe de Estado no Brasil em 2023]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Democracia y libertad en disputa en las redes: un análisis del intento de golpe de Estado en Brasil en 2023]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Democracy and Freedom in Dispute on Social Media: An Analysis of the Attempted Coup in Brazil in 2023]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Camargo Penteado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Claudio Luis de]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elias de Souza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paulo Roberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[dos Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Patrícia Dias]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gabriel Homma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luana Hanaê]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Federal do ABC  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Federal do ABC  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Federal do ABC  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Federal do ABC  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>94</numero>
<fpage>23</fpage>
<lpage>43</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0123-885X2025000400023&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0123-885X2025000400023&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0123-885X2025000400023&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo: Este artigo tem como objetivo identificar as formações discursivas mobilizadas no debate público on-line, mais especificamente na plataforma X (antigo Twitter), pelos usuários apoiadores e contrários à tentativa de golpe no Brasil conhecida como &#8220;atos antidemocráticos de 8 de janeiro de 2023&#8221;. Nessa ocasião, um grupo de apoiadores do ex-presidente Jair Bolsonaro invadiu e depredou as sedes dos Poderes Legislativo, Executivo e Judiciário brasileiros, com o intuito de contestar os resultados da eleição de 2022. Em uma sociedade digitalizada e plataformizada, o debate público on-line reflete as disputas políticas entre os grupos políticos, que buscam, por meio da publicação de conteúdos, influenciar a opinião pública e legitimar suas ações. A fim de compreender essa disputa, o artigo adotou uma estratégia metodológica em três etapas, que articulam técnicas computacionais de coleta de dados em plataformas digitais, análise de linguagem natural para identificar o posicionamento político dos usuários e modelagem de tópicos para formar clusters de termos, possibilitando o reconhecimento das principais formações discursivas presentes no debate on-line. O estudo se apoia nos referenciais teóricos e metodológicos da Teoria do Discurso de Ernesto Laclau e Chantal Mouffe para analisar o conflito entre grupos políticos antagônicos. Para a análise, a pesquisa focou no estudo da disputa pelo sentido dos termos &#8220;democracia&#8221; e &#8220;liberdade&#8221;, entendidos como pontos nodais em torno dos quais os grupos articularam suas práticas discursivas. Os resultados indicam que os grupos favoráveis aos atos reivindicam a legitimidade da revolta popular e da intervenção militar como forma de defesa da democracia e da liberdade como um dever patriótico. Por sua vez, os grupos contrários defendem a democracia como um argumento para caracterizar os manifestantes de &#8220;golpistas&#8221; e &#8220;terroristas&#8221;, exigindo a punição dos responsáveis, e concebem a liberdade dentro dos limites das normas constitucionais.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: El artículo tiene como objetivo identificar las formaciones discursivas movilizadas en el debate público en línea, más específicamente en la plataforma X (antes Twitter), por usuarios que apoyan y se oponen al intento de golpe de Estado en Brasil conocido como &#8220;actos antidemocráticos del 8 de enero de 2023&#8221;. En esa ocasión, un grupo de simpatizantes del expresidente Jair Bolsonaro invadió y vandalizó las sedes de los poderes Legislativo, Ejecutivo y Judicial brasileños, con el fin de impugnar los resultados de las elecciones de 2022. En una sociedad digitalizada y plataformizada, el debate público en línea refleja las disputas políticas entre grupos políticos, que buscan, a través de la publicación de contenidos, influir en la opinión pública y legitimar sus acciones. Para comprender esta disputa, el artículo adoptó una estrategia metodológica en tres etapas, que combinan técnicas computacionales para la recolección de datos de plataformas digitales, análisis del lenguaje natural con el fin de identificar la posición política de los usuarios y modelado de temas orientado a formar agrupamientos de términos, lo que permite el reconocimiento de las principales formaciones discursivas empleadas en el debate en línea. El estudio se basa en los referentes teóricos y metodológicos de la teoría del discurso de Ernesto Laclau y Chantal Mouffe para analizar el conflicto entre grupos políticos antagónicos. La investigación se centró en el estudio de la disputa sobre el significado de los términos democracia y libertad, entendidos como puntos nodales en torno a los cuales los grupos articulan sus prácticas discursivas. Los resultados indican que los grupos favorables a los hechos reclaman la legitimidad de la revuelta popular y la intervención militar como formas de defender la democracia y la libertad, y las consideran como un deber patriótico. A su vez, los grupos opositores defienden la democracia como argumento para caracterizar a los manifestantes como &#8220;golpistas&#8221; y &#8220;terroristas&#8221;, exigiendo el castigo de los responsables, y conciben la libertad dentro de los límites de las normas constitucionales.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: This article examines the discursive formations mobilized in the online public debate on X (formerly Twitter) by users who supported or opposed the attempted coup in Brazil, known as the &#8220;anti-democratic acts of January 8, 2023.&#8221; On that day, supporters of former president Jair Bolsonaro invaded and vandalized the headquarters of the Legislative, Executive, and Judicial branches in an effort to overturn the results of the 2022 elections. In a digitalized and platform-driven society, online debate mirrors political struggles between opposing groups, who use the circulation of content to influence public opinion and legitimize their actions. To investigate this dispute, the study adopted a three-stage methodological strategy: computational techniques to collect digital platform data, natural language processing to identify users&#8217; political positions, and topic modeling to group terms and reveal the main discursive formations shaping the online debate. The analysis draws on Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe&#8217;s discourse theory to interpret the conflict between antagonistic political groups. The research focused on the contested meanings of democracy and freedom, understood as nodal points around which discursive practices are articulated. The findings indicate that groups supportive of the events framed popular revolt and military intervention as patriotic duties in defense of democracy and freedom, while opposing groups appealed to democracy to classify demonstrators as &#8220;coup plotters&#8221; and &#8220;terrorists,&#8221; demanding accountability and conceiving of freedom within constitutional boundaries.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Brasil]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[democracia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[disputas discursivas on-line]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[golpe de Estado]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[liberdade]]></kwd>
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<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[democracia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[disputas discursivas en línea]]></kwd>
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<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Brazil]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[democracy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[online discursive disputes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[coup d&#8217;état]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[freedom]]></kwd>
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</article-meta>
</front><back>
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