<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0123-885X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Estudios Sociales]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[rev.estud.soc.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0123-885X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de los Andes]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0123-885X2025000400045</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7440/res94.2025.03</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Estallido social y despertar conservador: tácticas antidemocráticas y contraofensiva digital en Chile]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Social Uprising and Conservative Awakening: Anti-Democratic Tactics and Digital Counteroffensive in Chile]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Eclosão social e despertar conservador: táticas antidemocráticas e contraofensiva digital no Chile]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marcelo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Allendes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge Valdebenito]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Diego Portales  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Valparaíso  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>94</numero>
<fpage>45</fpage>
<lpage>63</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0123-885X2025000400045&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0123-885X2025000400045&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0123-885X2025000400045&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Este artículo analiza la radicalización de las posiciones políticas de corte conservador en Chile tras la irrupción del estallido social de 2019, lo que llamamos despertar conservador. Tras la crisis ante lo que pareciera ser un inminente avance del progresismo durante y en los primeros años después del estallido social, se observa un reempoderamiento de las fuerzas conservadoras en el país que adoptan repertorios de acción ya empleados anteriormente, pero también otros innovadores para defender sus intereses. En particular, este estudio pone foco en las tácticas de autopreservación de las élites políticas y económicas mediante el uso de repertorios de acción digitales antidemocráticos, tales como la amplificación inorgánica de apoyo a causas y personas, el sabotaje y amedrentamiento de grupos de coordinación política de sus opositores y la desinformación en plataformas digitales. A través de la revisión de los estudios recientes que se han realizado sobre el tema, se revela un cauce conducente al concepto de despertar conservador, compuesto por un eje político y otro sociotécnico. Se argumenta que estas tácticas constituyen un mecanismo de defensa, e incluso de reversión de avances sociales y valóricos en la perspectiva del progresismo. El fenómeno es entendido como la contraofensiva frente a la ampliación del umbral de concesiones políticas y sociales que se visualizaba en un futuro cercano, con los rumbos que se dibujaban, en el periodo estudiado (2019-2022) para solventar las fisuras sociales evidenciadas con el estallido social.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: This article analyzes the radicalization of conservative political positions in Chile following the outbreak of the 2019 social uprising-what we call the conservative awakening. In the face of a crisis triggered by what appeared to be the imminent advance of progressive forces during and in the first years after the uprising, conservative sectors regained strength by adopting both previously employed repertoires of action and new, innovative strategies to defend their interests. In particular, this study focuses on the self-preservation tactics of political and economic elites through the use of anti-democratic digital repertoires of action, such as the inorganic amplification of support for causes and individuals, the sabotage and intimidation of their opponents&#8217; political coordination groups, and the spread of disinformation on digital platforms. Through a review of recent studies on the subject, the analysis reveals the path leading to the concept of conservative awakening, which rests on both political and socio- technical dimensions. It argues that these tactics function as mechanisms of defense and even reversal of social and value-based gains from a progressive perspective. The phenomenon is understood as a counteroffensive against the expansion of the political and social concessions threshold that seemed imminent during the period under study (2019-2022), as Chile confronted the social fractures exposed by the uprising.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: Este artigo analisa a radicalização das posições políticas conservadoras no Chile após a eclosão social de 2019, o que denominamos despertar conservador. Após a crise diante do que parece ser um avanço iminente do progressismo durante e nos primeiros anos após a eclosão social, observa-se um reempoderamento das forças conservadoras no país, adotando repertórios de ação já utilizados anteriormente, mas também outros inovadores para defender seus interesses. Em particular, este estudo se concentra nas táticas de autopreservação das elites políticas e econômicas por meio do uso de repertórios de ações digitais antidemocráticos, como a amplificação artificial do apoio a causas e pessoas, a sabotagem e intimidação de grupos de coordenação política de seus oponentes e a desinformação em plataformas digitais. Por meio da revisão de estudos recentes que vêm sendo realizados sobre o tema, revela-se um caminho que conduz ao conceito de despertar conservador, composto por um eixo político e outro sociotécnico. Argumenta-se que essas táticas constituem um mecanismo de defesa e até mesmo uma reversão dos avanços sociais e valorativos sob a perspectiva do progressismo. O fenômeno é entendido como a contraofensiva contra a ampliação do limiar de concessões políticas e sociais que se visualizou em um futuro próximo, com os rumos que foram traçados, no período estudado (2019-2022), para solucionar as fissuras sociais evidenciadas pela eclosão social.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Chile]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[conservadurismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[desinformación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[estallido social]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[extremismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[redes sociales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Chile]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[conservatism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[disinformation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[extremism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[social media]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[social uprising]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Chile]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[conservadorismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[desinformação]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[eclosão social]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[extremismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[redes sociais]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tironi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eugenio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El desborde: vislumbres y aprendizajes del 18-O]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago de Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Planeta.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B84">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valdebenito Allendes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;Estudiar crisis y comunicaciones: apuntes metodológicos para entornos de hipertrofia mediática&#8221;]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>194</volume>
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</back>
</article>
