<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0123-885X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Estudios Sociales]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[rev.estud.soc.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0123-885X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de los Andes]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0123-885X2026000200037</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7440/res96.2026.03</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The Agency of Migrants in Contexts of Labor Precarity: Venezuelan Migrants and Platform-based Delivery Work in Colombia and Peru]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[La agencia de los migrantes en contextos de precariedad laboral: migrantes venezolanos y el trabajo en plataformas de reparto en Colombia y Perú]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Agência de migrantes em contextos de precarização laboral: migrantes venezuelanos e trabalho em plataformas de entrega na Colômbia e no Peru]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López Villamil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Stéphanie]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wabgou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maguemati]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>96</numero>
<fpage>37</fpage>
<lpage>60</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0123-885X2026000200037&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0123-885X2026000200037&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0123-885X2026000200037&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: Colombia and Peru have received the largest shares of the Venezuelan migrant population in recent years. Colombia is currently home to more than 2.8 million Venezuelans, while Peru hosts approximately 1.6 million. In both countries, many Venezuelans turned to delivery platforms as a source of income. During the COVID-19 pandemic, workplace safety, personal security, and access to social protection became urgent concerns, including for migrant workers with irregular immigration status. This paper examines the Venezuelan migrants&#8217; agency as an expression of resistance and resilience in their work on delivery platforms such as Rappi and PedidosYa in Colombia and Peru as they navigate precarious labor conditions. The analysis focuses on recent legislative developments, their effects on migrants&#8217; socio-economic inclusion amid ongoing regularization processes, and the proposals put forward by civil society leaders and trade unions. These initiatives are intended to strengthen the social and legal framework governing platform work, in order to expand protections and improve access to employment for Venezuelan migrants.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Colombia y Perú han acogido a la mayor parte de la población migrante venezolana en los últimos años. Actualmente, Colombia ha recibido a más de 2,8 millones de venezolanos, mientras que Perú a aproximadamente 1,6 millones. En ambos países, muchos migrantes han recurrido a las plataformas de reparto como fuente de ingresos. Durante la pandemia de covid-19, la seguridad en el lugar de trabajo, la seguridad personal y el acceso a la protección social se convirtieron en preocupaciones urgentes, incluso para los trabajadores migrantes con estatus migratorio irregular. En este artículo se examina la agencia de los migrantes venezolanos como una expresión de resistencia y resiliencia en su trabajo en plataformas de reparto como Rappi y PedidosYa en Colombia y Perú, en la medida en que se enfrentan a condiciones laborales precarias. El análisis se centra en los desarrollos legislativos recientes, sus efectos sobre la inclusión socioeconómica de los migrantes en el contexto de los procesos de regularización en curso, así como en las propuestas formuladas por líderes de la sociedad civil y de los sindicatos. Estas iniciativas buscan fortalecer el marco social y jurídico que regula el trabajo en plataformas, con el fin de ampliar las protecciones y mejorar el acceso al empleo para los migrantes venezolanos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo: A Colômbia e o Peru estão entre os principais destinos da população migrante venezuelana nos últimos anos. Atualmente, a Colômbia já recebeu mais de 2,8 milhões de venezuelanos, enquanto o Peru tem aproximadamente 1,6 milhão. Em ambos os países, muitos migrantes recorreram às plataformas de entrega como fonte de renda. Durante a pandemia de covid-19, a segurança no trabalho, a segurança pessoal e o acesso à proteção social tornaram-se preocupações urgentes, inclusive para trabalhadores migrantes em situação irregular. Neste artigo, examina-se a agência dos migrantes venezuelanos como expressão de resistência e resiliência em atividades em plataformas de entrega, como Rappi e PedidosYa, na Colômbia e no Peru, em contextos de condições precárias de trabalho. A análise concentra-se no desenvolvimento legislativo recente, seus efeitos na inclusão socioeconômica dos migrantes no contexto dos processos de regularização em curso, bem como nas propostas formuladas por líderes da sociedade civil e por sindicatos. Essas iniciativas buscam fortalecer o arcabouço social e legal que regula o trabalho em plataformas, a fim de ampliar as proteções e melhorar o acesso ao emprego por parte de migrantes venezuelanos.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[agency]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[digital platforms]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[gig-economy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[labor market]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[organization]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[precarization]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[segmentation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Venezuelan migrants]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[agencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[gig-economy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[mercado laboral]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[migrantes venezolanos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[organización]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[plataformas digitales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[precarización]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[segmentación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[agência]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[gig-economy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[mercado de trabalho]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[migrantes venezuelanos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[organização]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[plataformas digitais]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[precarização laboral]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[segmentação do trabalho]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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