<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0123-9155</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Acta Colombiana de Psicología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Act.Colom.Psicol.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0123-9155</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Catolica de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0123-91552024000100002</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14718/acp.2024.27.1.2</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Deslegitimación del adversario y orientación ideológica: análisis de publicaciones de dos líderes políticos colombianos en Twitter]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Delegitimization of the Oponent and Ideological Orientation: Analysis of Publications of Two Colombian Political Leaders on Twitter]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borja-Orozco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Henry]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0123-91552024000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0123-91552024000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0123-91552024000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen A través de diferentes medios de comunicación tradicional y digital, líderes y grupos que optan por el control social y político difunden sus discursos con el propósito de promover y fortalecer visiones ideológicas del mundo social en el que se exacerban las posiciones extremas de la ideología política. No obstante, la valoración política del espectro ideológico de izquierda y derecha no es generalizable, pues el énfasis positivo o negativo depende del contexto social y político. Este artículo describe las características ideológicas del discurso de dos líderes políticos reconocidos en Colombia por su orientación ideológica de izquierda (Gustavo Petro) y derecha (Álvaro Uribe), y la asociación con las estrategias de deslegitimación del otro. Para ello se realizó un estudio de tipo lingüístico descriptivo que compara en contexto los patrones lingüísticos de líderes políticos opuestos que publican en la plataforma digital Twitter (ahora X). Los resultados permiten identificar que el perfil léxico de la cuenta de Uribe se relaciona con temáticas de economía, violencia política, defensa de una ideología conservadurista, deslegitimación del oponente (Petro) y deslegitimación de grupos guerrilleros. Por su parte, el perfil de la cuenta de Petro está conformado por palabras asociadas a la ideología progresista, deslegitimación del oponente (Uribe) y deslegitimación de grupos paramilitares. Se concluye que la orientación política depende del contexto social y tiene como referente asociado un adversario político (y grupo ilegal en el caso colombiano), al que se dirige la estrategia de deslegitimación con el propósito de legitimar o desafiar el orden social establecido.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Through various traditional and digital media, leaders and groups that opt for social and political control disseminate their discourses with the aim of promoting and strengthening ideological visions of the social world in which extreme positions of political ideology are exacerbated. However, the political assessment of the left-right ideological spectrum is not generalizable, as the positive or negative emphasis depends on the social and political context. This article describes the ideological characteristics of the discourse of two political leaders recognized in Colombia for their left (Gustavo Petro) and right (Álvaro Uribe) ideological orientations, and the association with strategies of delegitimization of the other. For this purpose, a descriptive linguistic study was conducted to compare in context the linguistic patterns of opposing political leaders who publish on the digital platform Twitter (now X). The results allow us to identify that the lexical profile of Uribe's account is related to issues of the economy, political violence, defense of a conservative ideology, delegitimization of the opponent (Petro) and delegitimization of guerrilla groups. On the other hand, Petro's account profile is made up of words associated with progressive ideology, delegitimization of the opponent (Uribe), and delegitimization of paramilitary groups. It is concluded that the political orientation depends on the social context and has as an associated referent a political opponent (and illegal group in the Colombian case) against whom the strategy of delegitimization is directed with the aim of legitimizing or challenging the established social order.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Deslegitimación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[comportamiento político]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ideología política]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[derechos de los votantes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Delegitimization]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[political behavior]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[political ideology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[electoral law]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Areiza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El concepto de ideología en la configuración del discurso político]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cuadernos de Ciencias Políticas]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>81-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bar-Tal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Shared beliefs in a society: Social psychological analysis]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sage Publications]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barreto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Análisis estadístico de datos textuales]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[P]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Páramo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La investigación en ciencia sociales: la historia del método y su filosofía]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<page-range>449-67</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Lemoine Editores]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barreto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Medina-Arboleda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Political communication and ideology]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zúñiga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Political psychology in Latin America]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<page-range>175-95</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[American Psychological Association]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bécue-Bertaut]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Minería de textos: aplicación a preguntas abiertas en encuestas]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[La Muralla]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bobbio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Derecha e izquierda]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Taurus]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bonilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Izquierda y poder electoral en Bogotá: una reconstrucción histórico-coyuntural (2004-2012)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Relaciones Internacionales, Estrategia y Seguridad]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>159-79</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borja-Orozco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Consumo político: estrategias de comunicación basadas en el voto ideológico y de rendimiento]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<page-range>12-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borja-Orozco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barreto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sabucedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Construcción del discurso deslegitimador del adversario: gobierno y paramilitarismo en Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Universitas Psychologica]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>571-83</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brussino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alonso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cupani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Imhoff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paz García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rabbia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dimensiones de la ideología política. Un abordaje operativo desde la Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Colombiana de Psicología]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<page-range>9-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brussino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Imhoff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alonso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Posicionamientos ideológicos de quienes se ubican en el "centro" o "no poseen ideología"]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Quaderns de Psicologia. International Journal of Psychology]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>107-18</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brussino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rabbia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Imhoff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ideología política y prácticas mediatizadas de consumo informativo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Debates]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<month>a</month>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>13-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brussino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rabbia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Imhoff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dimensión operativa de la ideología política en ciudadanos de Córdoba-Argentina]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Psicología Política]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<month>b</month>
<volume>43</volume>
<page-range>85-106</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caprara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Distinctiveness, functions and psycho-historical foundations of left and right ideology]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<page-range>155-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Césari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Protocolo de análisis de datos textuales aplicados a la minería de textos]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Tecnológica Nacional]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Choma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ashton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hafer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Conceptualizing political orientation in Canadian political candidates: A tale of two (correlated) dimensions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue Canadienne des Sciences du Comportement]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>24-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>El Nuevo Siglo</collab>
<source><![CDATA[El pulso político de los mandatarios. La favorabilidad de los últimos presidentes de Colombia]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<month>,</month>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gamboa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El reajuste de la derecha colombiana. El éxito electoral del Uribismo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Colombia Internacional]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>99</numero>
<issue>99</issue>
<page-range>187-214</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jost]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA["Elective Affinities": On the psychological bases of left-right differences]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Psychological Inquiry]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>2-3</numero>
<issue>2-3</issue>
<page-range>129-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jost]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Halperin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laurin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Editorial overview: Five observations about tradition and progress in the scientific study of political ideologies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<page-range>III-VII</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kajsiu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Las ideologías y movilizaciones políticas del uribismo y petrismo: dos Colombias distintas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Análisis Político]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>98</numero>
<issue>98</issue>
<page-range>191-209</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[León Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tobar Herrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hodeg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguilar Mejía]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Empatía, redes sociales e indicadores de salud mental durante las crisis sociales en Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Universitas Psychologica]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<page-range>1-18</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lipset]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raab]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The politics of unreason: Right-wing extremism in America, 1790-1977]]></source>
<year>1978</year>
<edition>2.a</edition>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Chicago Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Ministerio de Salud</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Resolución 8430 de 1993. Por la cual se establecen las normas científicas, técnicas y administrativas para la investigación en salud]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nasie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bar-Tal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pliskin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nahhas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Halperin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Overcoming the barrier of narrative adherence in conflicts through awareness of the psychological bias of naïve realism]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>1543-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ñaupas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valdivia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palacios]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Metodología de la investigación cuantitativa-cualitativa y redacción de la tesis]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<edition>Quinta</edition>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ediciones de la U]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guevara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Multipartidismo y gobiernos de concertación en Colombia (1998-2016)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Espacios Públicos]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>50</numero>
<issue>50</issue>
<page-range>12-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quevedo-Stuva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tovar-Gil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mila-Maldonado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Populism on the web: Presidential elections in Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru, and Colombia (2020-2022)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Societies]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>58</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez-Vallejo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santamaría-Velasco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Actos de habla de la izquierda y de la derecha colombiana en el Paro Nacional de Colombia 2021: análisis de las publicaciones en Twitter de Álvaro Uribe Vélez y Gustavo Petro]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios del Discurso]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>103-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Restrepo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piedrahita-Bustamante]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La personalización de la política y el declive de los partidos tradicionales en la campaña presidencial en Colombia 2018]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Divergencia]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>19</numero>
<issue>19</issue>
<page-range>2856</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruisch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anderson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Inbar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pizarro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A matter of taste: Gustatory sensitivity predicts political ideology]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Personality and Social Psychology]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>121</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>394-409</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Construcción de una escala de ideología política en el contexto costarricense a partir de un trabajo realizado en Córdoba]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta de Investigación Psicológica]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>2747-54</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Argentina ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sandoval]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cambio de posición política o transformación ideológica de los votantes en Colombia (1974-2018)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Perspectivas de las Ciencias Económicas y Jurídicas]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>51-69</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Conservadurismo y orientación política: ¿Su relación es similar en sociedades de Latinoamérica y Occidente?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Psicoperspectivas]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tamburrini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cinnirella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jansen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bryden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Twitter users change word usage according to conversation-partner social identity]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Social Networks]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<page-range>84-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Dijk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ideología y análisis del discurso]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Internacional de Filoso ña Iberoamericana y Teoría Social]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<page-range>9-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Prooijen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krouwel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Psychological features of extreme political ideologies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Current Directions in Psychological Science]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>159-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vasilopoulos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jost]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Psychological similarities and dissimilarities between left-wing and right-wing populists: Evidence from a nationally representative survey in France]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Research in Personality]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>88</volume>
<page-range>104004</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sarmiento]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Polarización y creencias sociales en algunos militantes de dos partidos políticos ideológicamente antagónicos en el marco del posconflicto en Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Guillermo de Ockham]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>7-29</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Virk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Twitter: The strength of weak ties]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[University of Auckland Business Review]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>19-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
