<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0123-921X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Tecnura]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Tecnura]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0123-921X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0123-921X2015000300013</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14483/udistrital.jour.tecnura.2015.3.a12</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Gestión del espectro radioeléctrico en Colombia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Radio spectrum management in Colombia]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cadena Muñoz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ernesto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eslava Blanco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hermes Javier]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Franco Calderón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Alejandro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,SENA  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>45</numero>
<fpage>159</fpage>
<lpage>173</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0123-921X2015000300013&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0123-921X2015000300013&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0123-921X2015000300013&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Este artículo presenta una revisión del estado del arte de la gestión del espectro radioeléctrico. Se definen conceptos básicos que permiten reconocer su alcance e importancia para el sector y se hace un análisis de los diferentes modelos de gestión del espectro, destacando las características, fortalezas y debilidades de cada uno para su aplicación. Se analiza el contexto del país, en el cual se observa que el modelo de gestión tradicional utilizado no es eficiente y genera pérdidas económicas para el país en uno de los recursos más importantes en materia de Telecomunicaciones, lo que nos lleva a replantear el modelo actual de gestión del espectro radioeléctrico en Colombia. Finalmente, se presentan las tendencias en la gestión del espectro y se resalta la necesidad de analizar el modelo basado en el mercado de servicios de telecomunicaciones y los requerimientos para su aplicación en el país, así como las dificultades que puede encontrar.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[This paper shows a review of the state of art of radio spectrum management, some basic concepts are defined allowing to recognizing its scope and importance for the sector and an analysis of different spectrum management models is done highlighting features, strengths and weaknesses of each one for its application. It analyzes the context of the country, where it is observed that the traditional management model used is not efficient, generating economic losses for the country in one of the most important resources on Telecommunications, which leads us to reconsider the current model of radio spectrum management in Colombia. Finally, we present the trends in spectrum management and we highlight the need for analysis of the model based on the telecommunications market, the requirements for its implementation in the country and the difficulties that may arise.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[comunicaciones inalámbricas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[gestión del espectro radioeléctrico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[radio cognitiva]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cognitive radio]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[radio spectrum]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[management]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[wireless communications]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[  ]]></body><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ahmed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mubashir Hassan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sohaib]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hussain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qasim Khan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[An agent based architecture for cognitive spectrum management]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akyildiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chowdhury]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Spectrum management in cognitive radio ad hoc net works]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Network, IEEE]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aldana J]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vallejo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Telecomunicaciones, convergencia y regulación]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Economia Institucional]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>23</numero>
<issue>23</issue>
<page-range>165-197</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alexander]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Asignación y Administración del Espectro Radioeléctrico en Países de Centroamérica y su Impacto en el Desarrollo del Sector de Servicios de Telecomunicación Móvil]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[DIRSI (Diálogo Regional sobre Sociedad de la Información)]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>ANE Agencia Nacional del Espectro</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Uso eficiente del espectro radioeléctrico]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>ANE Agencia Nacional del Espectro</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Plan de Acción 2012]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Attar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aghvami]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[A Framework for Unified Spectrum Management (USM) in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[IEEE Communications Magazine]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>44-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ayalde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[El derecho de la competencia en el sector de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones-TIC]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de derecho de la competencia (Bogotá)]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<page-range>127-190</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bae]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beigman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Honig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vohra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Spectrum markets for wireless services. 3rd IEEE Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<page-range>1-10</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Chicago^eIL IL]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[DySPAN 2008]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buddhikot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Understanding Dynamic Spectrum Access: Models,Taxonomy and Challenges]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<page-range>649-663</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[2nd IEEE International Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks, 2007DySPAN 2007]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Butcher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mark]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Geoff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Economics of Spectrum Management: A Review]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calvet Madrigal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parra Valbuena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Modelo de porter y estrategias de negocio de operadores de telecomunicaciones en España]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cataluña ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Departamento de Organización de EmpresasUniversidad Politécnica de Catalunya]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cave]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Doyle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Webb]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Essentials of modern spectrum management]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York^eNew YorkCambridge New York]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cave]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[New spectrum-using technologies and the future of spectrum management: a European]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[policy perspective]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>67</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>1-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chamorro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barbosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Espectro abierto para el desarrollo]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[COLNODO, Ed.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chapin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lehr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Cognitive Radios For Dynamic Spectrum Access-The Path To Market Success For Dynamic Spectrum Access Technology]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[IEEE Communications Magazine]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>96-103</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lumpur]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olafsson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Virginas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Owusu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<collab>BT Group</collab>
<collab>Asian Res</collab>
<collab>Centre</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Radio Resource Management via Spectrum Trading]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<page-range>1781-1785</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Singapore ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, 2008VTC Spring 2008]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>CINTEL Centro de Investigación de las Telecomunicaciones</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Panorama de las Tecnologías de la información y las Comunicaciones en Colombia]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CINTEL]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Colegio Oficial de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación</collab>
<source><![CDATA[La gestión de espectro y el modelo competencial del sector de las comunicaciones electrónicas]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asociación Española de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De León]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Perspectivas de las tecnologías de telecomunicaciones y sus implicancias en los mercados y marcos regulatorios en los países de América Latina y el Caribe]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Naciones Unidas]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De León]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González Soto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Las Telecomunicaciones de Banda Ancha en la Región Américas]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Unión Internacional de Telecomunicaciones-UIT]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Doshi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bagrodia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Spectrum and Network Management Convergence for Wireless Communications]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<page-range>1-7</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington, DC ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[IEEE Military Communications Conference, 2006MILCOM 2006]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feijoo Gonzalez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez Barroso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mochón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Modificaciones en la gestión del espectro: opciones y situación actual]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[E.T.S.I. Telecomunicación (UPM)]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foster]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cave]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Gestión del espectro radioeléctrico: Módulo 5: Conjunto de herramientas para la reglamentación de las TIC. UIT-R]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Unión Internacional de Telecomunicaciones and InfoDEV]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freyens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loney]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poole]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Wireless Regulations and Dynamic Spectrum Access in Australia]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<page-range>1-12</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Singapore ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[IEEE Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum, 2010]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gajewski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Dynamic Spectrum Management for Military Wireless Networks]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[NATO Research and Technology Organization]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Metodología para analizar y simular la eficiencia económica de la flexibilización del uso del espectro radioeléctrico]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guerra de la Espriella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oviedo Arango]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[De las telecomunicaciones las TIC: Ley de TIC de Colombia (L1341/09)]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<page-range>22</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[CEPAL Serie Estudios y Propectivas]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Randall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Honig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vohra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Complementarities in spectrum markets]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<page-range>499-506</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Allerton ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[47th Annual Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing 2009]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hazlett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bazelon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Market allocation of radio spectrum]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Geneva ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[ITU Workshop on Market Mechanisms for Spectrum Management]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[He]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Spectrum Management for MicroGrids]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mansilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La administración del espectro de frecuencias como reflejo de una política de comunicaciones]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marcus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scanlan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stumpf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cave]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pogorel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Towards More Flexible Spectrum Regulation]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Bad Honnef]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marks]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marks]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Spectrum Allocation, Spectrum Commons and Public Goods: the Role of the Market]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Communications & Strategies]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>67</volume>
<page-range>65-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mastorakis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pallis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zacharopoulos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bourdena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[New business strategies and marketing opportunities utilizing a liberalized spectrum management framework]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[WSEAS Transactions on Business and Economics]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>39-49</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Mesas de Trabajo MinTIC-CRC-ANE</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Nuevas dimensiones]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<page-range>1-71</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Armenia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[11 Simposio Mundial de Reguladores de telecomunicaciones]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Ministerio de Comunicaciones</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Fundamentos de Gestión Nacional del Espectro Radioeléctrico: Manual de gestión Nacional del espectro radio eléctrico para Colombia]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ministerio de Comunicaciones, República de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Oficina de desarrollo de las telecomunicaciones comisiones de estudio de la UIT-D</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Guía regulatoria para la construcción de una comunidad global de información]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olafsson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Glover]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nekovee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Future management of spectrum]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Future management of spectrum. BT Technology Journal]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>52-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olafsson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Glover]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nekovee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Future management of spectrum]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BT Technology Journal]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quintero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Acceso dinámico al espectro: estado actual, tendencias y retos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista entre Ciencia e Ingeniería]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>38-57</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quintuña Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Mapa de control de espectro radioeléctrico]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Modelos de privatización y desarrollo de la competencia en las telecomunicaciones de Centroamérica y México]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México, D.F. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Naciones UnidasCEPALUnidad de Comercio Internacional e Industrial]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tovar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<collab>Asociados Abogados Ltda</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Fundamentos de Gestión Nacional del Espectro Radioeléctrico]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[MinTIC (Ministerio de tecnologías de la información y telecomunicaciones)]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>UIT-R Unión Internacional de Telecomunicaciones, s.R.</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Orientaciones sobre el marco reglamentario para la gestión nacional del espectro]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Union Internacional de Telecomunicaciones</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Manual de tecnicas informatizadas para la gestion del espectro]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ginebra ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[UIT (Union Internacional de Telecomunicaciones)]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valenzuela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La estrategia y la política sectorial de las tecnologías de la información y las telecomunicaciones en Colombia]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wellenius]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Radio spectrum: opportunities and challenges for the developing world]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington, D.C ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[World BankGlobal Information and Communications TechnologyStrategy Unit]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wellenius]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bank]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Managing the radio spectrum: framework for reform in developing countries]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington, D.C. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[The World Bank]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sadler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[A survey of dynamic spectrum access]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[IEEE Signal Processing Magazine]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>79-89</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
