<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0123-921X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Tecnura]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Tecnura]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0123-921X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0123-921X2021000300171</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14483/22487638.17975</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Prototipo de cosecha inteligente de agua lluvia para mejorar la eficiencia energética residencial en Bogotá]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Intelligent Rainwater Harvesting Prototype to Improve Residential Energy Efficiency in Bogota]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez-Escobar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos Arturo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buriticá-Arboleda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Clara Inés]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Colombia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>69</numero>
<fpage>171</fpage>
<lpage>195</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0123-921X2021000300171&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0123-921X2021000300171&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0123-921X2021000300171&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Objetivo: Presentar los resultados e impactos de un prototipo de cosecha inteligente de agua lluvia diseñado para la sustitución parcial de agua potable, incluyendo la energía embebida requerida para su producción y distribución, en una vivienda unifamiliar en Bogotá (Colombia).  Contexto: La ciudad de Bogotá, posee un régimen bimodal de precipitaciones frecuentes con mínimos mensuales multianuales que superan los 30 mm y como promedio superan los 60 mm. Esta frecuencia de lluvias representa un potencial hídrico y energético, almacenado en la atmósfera, disponible localmente durante la mayor parte del año, de manera que posibilita su realización bajo esquemas novedosos de diseño tecnológico y económico de los sistemas de cosecha de aguas lluvias (SCALL). En este artículo nos centraremos en el establecimiento de las bases de diseño de un prototipo de cosecha de agua lluvia unifamiliar que logre capturar las potencialidades pluviales y energéticas de su entorno y pueda competir eficientemente frente al suministro de agua de la Empresa de Acueducto de Bogotá (EAB). Este permitirá sustituir los usos de agua potable en inodoros, lavado de ropa, riego de jardines y limpieza de espacios y tanques, lo cual se logrará con menor consumo de energía que el proveedor centralizado de agua potable.  Método: Se parte de considerar al agua lluvia como un recurso distribuido, tanto de agua como de energía, que tiene la capacidad de sustituir al agua potable provista como servicio energético de abastecimiento centralizado de agua de la EAB. Para evaluar la eficiencia de la sustitución de agua potable por agua lluvia cosechada, se genera un nuevo método que en solo cinco pasos permite evaluar la eficiencia comparativa, tomando como línea de base la proyección del desempeño del servicio centralizado de agua potable, respecto a la medida de mejoramiento del desempeño del prototipo SCALL. Para ello, se toma como principal indicador de desempeño a la intensidad energética comparada; la cual, a su vez, posibilita el cálculo de beneficios múltiples de la eficiencia energética.  Resultados: El prototipo SCALL, en las etapas iniciales de su implementación, logró ahorros del agua potable utilizada en la vivienda del 25 %, de la energía embebida del 26 % y el abatimiento de los gases de efecto invernadero en un 27 %. Esto fue obtenido con apenas un 22,4 % de la capacidad nominal de diseño del prototipo, en un periodo de estudio de 56 meses. En este periodo se logró recuperar la inversión a partir de los ahorros económicos producto de la sustitución del agua potable por agua lluvia. Los resultados sugieren que la EAB podría desarrollar un programa de implementación de SCALL eficientes por parte de sus usuarios, lo que le permitiría obtener cerca de un ingresos y ahorros dinerarios que representarían cerca del 2 % del total de ingresos que produciría cada SCALL residencial. El grado de éxito dependería de la masificación del programa. Esto sin contabilizar los beneficios que obtendría al aplazar las inversiones por ampliación de infraestructura, seguridad de abastecimiento y confiabilidad que proporciona la implementación de los SCALL eficientes.  Conclusiones: Los resultados de la evaluación de la eficiencia energética arrojan la completa viabilidad tecnológica, económica, ambiental y social del prototipo SCALL de un usuario residencial en Bogotá. A la vez se dispone de una nueva metodología para la evaluación del potencial de eficiencia energética y sus beneficios múltiples cuando es escrutado un servicio energético provisto por un recurso distribuido como es el agua lluvia. Para el Distrito Capital de Bogotá resulta conveniente tanto social y ambientalmente desarrollar una política de promoción del SICCALL como medida de gestión eficiente de la demanda de agua y energía. Esta medida puede ser posibilitada por el desarrollo de economías de red y colaborativas, alrededor de recursos distribuidos de agua y energía, en la vía del cumplimiento de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible y participación ciudadana, de las llamadas ciudades inteligentes.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Objective: To present the results and impacts of a prototype for harvesting rainwater in a single-family house in Bogota (Colombia), designed to save both potable water consumption as well as the embodied energy required to produce and distribute it from the city water system.  Context: The city of Bogota has a bimodal rainfall regime with multiannual monthly minima above 30 mm, and an average above 60 mm. This high rainfall intensity and frequency constitutes a potential hydric and energetic resource, which is available to the region during most of the year, and could be extracted through new systems for rainwater collection and use (referred to as SCALLs, for its acronym in Spanish). In this article, we will focus on the initial design of a rainwater harvester prototype with a capacity for one family. This prototype has been designed to operate under the high rainfall potential of the city, in order to store and deliver water efficiently to a household connected to the main local water provider (the Aqueduct Company of Bogota, EAB in Spanish). The water supplied by the prototype is enough to substitute the consumption of tap water for the usage of toilets, washing machine, watering of gardens, and cleaning of tanks and general surfaces. In comparison to the water provider, the rainwater harvester prototype is competitive with the quantity of water it delivers, and with the reduced consumption of energy required to supply it.  Method: To start the analysis of potential energy efficiency, we considered rainwater as a composition of two distributed resources: the water itself, and its embedded energy. Thus, rainwater has the potential to both replace the tap water consumption and reduce the energy service provided by the centralized water supply of the EAB. To evaluate the efficiency of this substitution, we generated a new 5-step method that allowed us to define the baseline efficiency as a performance projection of the centralized tap water service, and then compare it to the performance improvement of the SCALL prototype. We found that the main performance indicator is the comparative energy intensity, which enables the calculation of multiple benefits of energy efficiency.  Results: The SCALL prototype, in the initial stages of its implementation, achieved savings of 25% in drinking water used in the home, 26% of embedded energy and a reduction of greenhouse gases by 27%. This was obtained with only 22.4% of the nominal design capacity of the prototype, in a study period of 56 months. In this period, it was possible to recover the investment from the economic savings resulting from the substitution of drinking water for rainwater. The results suggest that the EAB could develop an efficient SCALL implementation program by its users, which would allow it to obtain close to an income and monetary savings that would represent close to 2% of the total income that each residential SCALL would produce. The degree of success of which would depend on the massification of the program. This without accounting for the benefits that would be obtained by deferring investments for infrastructure expansion, security of supply and reliability provided by the implementation of efficient SCALLs.  Conclusions: The results of the energy efficiency evaluation show the technological, economic, environmental and social viability of the SCALL prototype of a residential user in Bogotá. At the same time, we propose a new methodology for evaluating the energy efficiency potential from a distributed resource such as rainwater, allowing scrutiny of its multiple benefits compared to a centralized service supplier. For the Capital District of Bogotá, it would be beneficial (socially and environmentally) to develop a policy to promote SICCALL to efficiently manage the demand for water and energy. This policy could be made possible by the development of collaborative network economies, around distributed water and energy resources, in order to meet the objectives of sustainable development and citizen participation, of the so-called smart cities.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cosecha de agua lluvia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[eficiencia energética]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[intensidad energética]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[conservación del agua]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[respuesta de la demanda]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[servicios energéticos.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[rainwater harvesting]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[energy efficiency]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[energy intensity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[water conservation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[demand response]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[energy services.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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