<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0123-921X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Tecnura]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Tecnura]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0123-921X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0123-921X2023000300070</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14483/22487638.17882</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Landslides in Tijuana, Mexico: hazard assessment in an urban Neighborhood]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Deslizami en Tijuana, México: evaluación de la amenaza en un barrio de la zona urbana]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliva González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Aldo Onel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gallardo Amaya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Romel Jesus]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Angarita Uscategui]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pedro Nel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Geológico y Minero de España CSIC  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>spain</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Ocaña  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Ocaña  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>77</numero>
<fpage>70</fpage>
<lpage>90</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0123-921X2023000300070&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0123-921X2023000300070&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0123-921X2023000300070&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Context: Landslides in Tijuana, Mexico, destroy a large number of structures and infrastructures each year, producing large losses in various economic sectors.  Method: In this study, we carry out a quantitative assessment of the hazards of landslides in a Tijuana neighborhood that was affected by a landslide in 2010 and currently shows signs of terrain instability, raising concerns about potential future landslides. The hazard assessment was calculated using the spatial probability, based on how susceptible the terrain was to landslides, and the temporal probability using a database of events that occurred at sites near te study area. We apply deterministic methods based on the analysis of slope stability to calculate susceptibility and estimate the temporal probability using probability models that consider the instances of independent random events.  Results: It was found that more than 50 % of the studied area presents a high hazard of landslides for return periods of 5, 10, 15, and 20 years. Moreover, findings demonstrated that the seismicity, topography, and the geotechnical characteristics of the soils are the factors with major influence on ground instability. In addition, it was determined that the areas of potential landslides are in soils whose resistance has been reduced due to the presence of underground flows produced by the infiltration of water through existing cracks and fractures in the terrain.  Conclusions: The application of the described procedure made it possible to quantify the hazards of landslides in the Laderas de Monterrey neighborhood for four return periods and to determine the factors that most influence the occurrences of these phenomena. The results obtained are an important step to analyze and evaluate the risk that landslides represent for structures, infrastructures, and people exposed to the impact of these phenomena. They are also a valuable tool for making informed decisions regarding risk management and the establishment of regulations on land use.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Contexto: Los deslizamientos de tierra en Tijuana, México, provocan cada año la destrucción de una gran cantidad de estructuras e infraestructuras, produciendo cuantiosas pérdidas en diversos sectores de la economía.  Método: En este estudio, se realiza una evaluación cuantitativa del peligro de deslizamientos de tierra en un barrio de la ciudad de Tijuana, el cual fue afectado por un deslizamiento en el año 2010 y actualmente presenta indicios de inestabilidad del terreno, alertando sobre la posibilidad de que ocurran nuevos deslizamientos. La amenaza fue calculada utilizando la probabilidad espacial, a partir de la susceptibilidad del terreno a los deslizamientos de tierra, y la probabilidad temporal se calculó utilizando una base de datos de eventos ocurridos en sitios cercanos al área de estudio. Se aplicaron métodos determinísticos basados en el análisis de estabilidad de taludes para calcular la susceptibilidad del terreno y se estimó la probabilidad temporal utilizando modelos de probabilidad que consideran la ocurrencia de eventos aleatorios independientes.  Resultados: Se encontró que más del 50 % del área de estudio presenta una alta amenaza de deslizamientos de tierra para períodos de retorno de 5, 10, 15 y 20 años. Se comprobó además que la sismicidad, la topografía y las propiedades geotécnicas de los suelos son los factores que más influyen en la inestabilidad del terreno. Adicionalmente, se determinó que las áreas de potenciales deslizamientos de tierra se encuentran en suelos cuya resistencia se ha reducido debido a la presencia de flujos subterráneos producidos por el movimiento de agua a través de grietas y fracturas existentes en el terreno.  Conclusiones: La aplicación del procedimiento descrito permitió cuantificar la amenaza de deslizamientos de tierra en el barrio estudiado para cuatro períodos de retorno. También permitió identificar los factores que más influyen en la ocurrencia de estos fenómenos. Los resultados obtenidos son un paso importante para analizar y evaluar el riesgo que representan los deslizamientos de tierra para las estructuras, infraestructuras y personas expuestas al impacto de estos fenómenos; y son una valiosa herramienta para tomar decisiones relacionadas con la gestión del riesgo y el establecimiento de regulaciones sobre el uso de suelo.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[landslides]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[landslide hazard]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[urban landslides]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[hazard assessment]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[deslizamientos de tierra]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[amenaza de deslizamientos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[deslizamientos urbanos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[evaluación de amenaza]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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