<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0123-9392</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Infectio]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Infect.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0123-9392</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asociación Colombiana de Infectología.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0123-93922017000400243</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22354/in.v21i4.687</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effects of biocide exposure on P. Aeruginosa, E. coli and A. Baumannii complex isolates from hospital and household environments]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Efectos de la exposición a biocidas en aislados ambientales de P. Aeruginosa, E. coli y del complejo A. Baumannii hospitalarios y de la comunidad]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vásquez-Giraldo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel Felipe]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Libreros-Zúñiga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gerardo Andrés]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Crespo-Ortiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María del Pilar]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del Valle Department of Microbiology and Department of Biology ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cali ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del Valle Department of Microbiology ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cali ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del Valle Department of Microbiology ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cali ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>243</fpage>
<lpage>250</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0123-93922017000400243&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0123-93922017000400243&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0123-93922017000400243&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Background:  Bacterial responses to biocide exposure and its effects on survival and persistence remain to be studied in greater detail.  Aim:  To analyse the viability and survival of environmental isolates from household and hospital settings after biocide exposure.  Methods:  The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of chlorhexidine (CHxG), benzalkonium chloride (BAC) and triclosan (TC) were determined in isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii complex and Escherichia coli collected from hospital and house- holds environments. Viability was monitored after exposure and removal of biocides using agar cultures and flow cytometry.  Findings: P. aeruginosa isolates showed greater tolerance for all biocides tested whereas A. baumannii complex and E. coli were less tolerant. When compared with reference strains, biocide tolerance was up to 8 to 13-fold higher for TC and BAC respectively. Flow cytometry showed that biocide exposure may induce viable but non-growing states in P. aeruginosa and E. coli isolates before becoming fully replicative. Changes in the susceptibility profile in one isolate of A. baumannii complex were observed after biocide exposure.  Discussion:  Bacteria isolates from hospital and households were able to recover after biocide exposure at bactericidal concentrations favouring persistence and spread of biocide-tolerant strains. This study reinforces that cleaning compliance should be monitored by non-culture based tests. Novel formulations in cleaning and disinfection protocols should be revisited in hospitals harbouring P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii multidrug resistant isolates.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción:  El efecto de la exposición a biocidas en las poblaciones bacterianas, su viabilidad y persistencia requieren de estudios detallados.  Objetivo:  analizar la viabilidad y persistencia de bacterias de ambientes hospitalarios y domésticos posterior a la exposición a biocidas.  Materiales y Métodos:  En un estudio experimental in vitro se determinó la concentración inhibitoria mínima (CIM) y la concentración bactericida (CBM) para chlorhexidina (CHxG), cloruro de benzalconio (BAC) y triclcosan (TC) en aislados de Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10), el complejo Acinetobacter baumannii (5) y Escherichia coli (5) obtenidos de ambientes hospitalarios y domésticos. La viabilidad y susceptibilidad bacteriana después de la exposición y remoción del biocida fue evaluada por citometria de flujo y cultivo.  Resultados:  Independiente de su procedencia P. aeruginosa presentó mayor tolerancia a todos los biocidas. El complejo A. baumannii y E. coli fueron hasta 8 a 13 veces más tolerantes a BAC y TC que las cepas de referencia. Se observó que la exposición a biocidas altamente efectivos induce formas viables no replicativas en P. aeruginosa y E. coli. Un aislado del complejo A baumannii presentó cambios en el perfil de susceptibilidad posterior a la exposición.  Discusión:  Aislados tanto de ambiente hospitalario como de la comunidad pueden recuperarse después de la exposición a concentraciones bactericidas de los biocidas favoreciendo la persistencia y diseminación de bacterias no replicativas. Por lo anterior métodos alternativos al cultivo deben utilizarse en el seguimiento de protocolos de limpieza y desinfección. Los tiempos de recuperación de la viabilidad bacteriana deben tenerse en cuenta en la formulación de protocolos para erradicar y/o controlar cepas hospitalarias de P. aeruginosa o A. baumannii multirresistentes.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[A. baumannii]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[flow cytometry]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[P. aeruginosa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[biocidal activity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[resistance.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[complejo A. baumannii]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[citometria de flujo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[P. aeruginosa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[actividad biocida]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[resistencia.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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