<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0123-9392</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Infectio]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Infect.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0123-9392</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asociación Colombiana de Infectología.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0123-93922020000400248</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22354/in.v24i4.884</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Determinacion de los factores de riesgo en sepsis por Enterococcus vancomicino resistente. Estudio de casos y controles en pacientes criticamente enfermos]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Determination of risk factors in sepsis by Enterococcus vancomicyn resistant. Study of cases and control in criticall ill patients]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Molano-Franco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villabón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mario]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mario]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muñoz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beltrán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Edgar]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barbosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Felipe]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mejía]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Angie]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital de San José de Bogotá Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud Departamento de Medicina Critica y Cuidado intensivo]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,aff2  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,aff3  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,aff4  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,aff5  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,aff6  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="Af7">
<institution><![CDATA[,aff7  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="Af8">
<institution><![CDATA[,aff8  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="Af9">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital de San José de Bogotá CIMCA Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>248</fpage>
<lpage>254</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0123-93922020000400248&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0123-93922020000400248&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0123-93922020000400248&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción:  las infecciones causadas por Enterococcus resistente a Vancomicina (EVR) presentan mayor mortalidad en pacientes críticos, asociado a un aumento gradual en este patrón de resistencia, especialmente en el continente americano, por lo cual la adecuada terapia antimicrobiana empírica es fundamental para mejorar los desenlaces.  Objetivo:  determinar los factores de riesgo asociados al desarrollo de infección por EVR en pacientes sépticos en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) del Hospital San José en Bogotá, Colombia.  Métodos:  Estudio descriptivo de casos y controles en pacientes sépticos ingresados a la UCI durante 2016 y 2017. Los casos se definieron como pacientes con infección por EVR y los controles los pacientes con infección por otro germen.  Resultados:  se incluyeron 32 pacientes con aislamiento de EVR y 96 controles. Los factores de riesgo asociados a infección por EVR fueron: nutrición parenteral (OR 15,7 IC 4,2-71,4), lavado peritoneal (OR 8,9 IC 3,2-24,8), cultivo polimicrobiano (OR 19,9 IC 6,0-83,4). La mortalidad fue 56,2% en casos y 33,3% en controles.  Conclusiones:  Los factores de riesgo hallados con mayor frecuencia fueron: múltiples lavados peritoneales, nutrición parenteral y cultivos polimicrobianos. Encontramos una correlación significativa en el uso de antibiótico empírico adecuado y la reducción en la mortalidad.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Summary  Introduction:  infections caused by Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) have higher mortality in critically ill patients, associated with increase in this pattern of resistance, especially in the Americas, which is why adequate empirical antimicrobial therapy is essential to improve outcomes  Objective:  to determine the risk factors associated with the development of infection by VRE in septic patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of San José Hospital in Bogotá, Colombia.  Methods:  Case-control study in septic patients admitted to the ICU during 2016 and 2017. The cases were defined as patients with VRE infection and the controls were patients with infection by another germ.  Results:  32 patients with EVR isolation and 96 controls were included. The risk factors associated with infection by EVR were: parenteral nutrition (OR 15.7 IC 4.2-71.4), peritoneal lavage (OR 8.9 IC 3.2-24.8), polymicrobial culture (OR 19,9 IC 6.0-83.4). Mortality was 56.2% in cases and 33.3% in controls.  Conclusions:  The risk factors found most frequently were: multiple peritoneal lavage, parenteral nutrition and polymicrobial cultures. We found a significant correlation in the use of adequate empirical antibiotic and the reduction in mortality]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Vancomicina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Enterococcus faecalis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Enterococcus faecium]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Mortalidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Resistencia a la vancomicina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Vancomycin]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Enterococcus faecalis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Enterococcus faecium]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mortality]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Resistance to vancomicina]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perencevich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nair]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nelson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Samore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khader]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Incidence and Outcomes Associated With Infections Caused by Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in the United States: Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>203-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sievert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ricks]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Edwards]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schneider]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Srinivasan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Antimicrobial-resistant pathogens associated with healthcare-associated infections: summary of data reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2009-2010]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Treitman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yarnold]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Warren]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Noskin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Emerging incidence of Enterococcus faecium among hospital isolates (1993 to 2002)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Microbiol]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>462-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Low]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RN]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clinical prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility, and geographic resistance patterns of enterococci: results from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program, 1997-1999]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>^s2</numero>
<issue>^s2</issue>
<supplement>2</supplement>
<page-range>S133-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pfaller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Doern]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sader]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kugler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beach]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ML]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Survey of blood stream infections attributable to gram-positive cocci: frequency of occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates collected in 1997 in the United States, Canada, and Latin America from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program. SENTRY Participants Group]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>283-97</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Snyder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[D&#8217;Agata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Novel antimicrobial-resistant bacteria among patients requiring chronic hemodialysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>211-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cheng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spelman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huysmans]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spelman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Differing risk factors for vancomycin-resistant and vancomycin-sensitive enterococcal bacteraemia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Microbiol Infect]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>388-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ospina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Enterococo resistente a vancomicina en un hospital universitario]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[infectio]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lautenbach]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bilker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brennan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Enterococcal bacteremia: risk factors for vancomycin resistance and predictors of mortality]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>318-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chavers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Funkhouser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benjamin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chavers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stamm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Association between antecedent intravenous antimicrobial exposure and isolation of vancomycin-resistant enterococci]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Microb Drug Resist]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>^s1</numero>
<issue>^s1</issue>
<supplement>1</supplement>
<page-range>S69-77</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caballero-Granado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Becerril]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cisneros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuberos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pachón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Case-control study of risk factors for the development of enterococcal bacteremia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>83-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nicolas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mariscal D]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bacteremia por enterococcus faecalis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Medicina Clinica]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>96</volume>
<numero>18</numero>
<issue>18</issue>
<page-range>1</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Venditti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tarasi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Visco Comandini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gentile]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Girmenia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Micozzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Enterococcal septicemia in patients with hematological malignancies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>241-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Molano Franco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gambasica]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beltrán Garcés]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Implementación de un programa de uso racional de uso racional de antibiotico en cuidado intensivo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Colomb Cuid Intensivo]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<page-range>71-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maradona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Asensi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López Ponga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de la Iglesia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hospital infection caused by enterococci. The previous use of antibiotics as risk factors in a case-control study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Med Clin (Barc)]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>101</volume>
<numero>20</numero>
<issue>20</issue>
<page-range>769-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sartelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Catena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abu-Zidan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ansaloni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Biffl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boermeester]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Management of intra-abdominal infections: recommendations by the WSES 2016 consensus conference]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World J Emerg Surg]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<page-range>22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Edmond]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ober]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weinbaum]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pfaller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hwang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanford]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium bacteremia: risk factors for infection]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1126-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carmeli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eliopoulos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Samore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Antecedent treatment with different antibiotic agents as a risk factor for vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Emerg Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>802-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kollef]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hamilton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ernst]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Economic impact of ventilatorassociated pneumonia in a large matched cohort.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>250-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solomkin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mazuski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baron]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sawyer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nathens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DiPiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JT]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Guidelines for the selection of anti-infective agents for complicated intraabdominal infections]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>997-1005</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zasowski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Claeys]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lagnf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rybak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Time Is of the Essence: The Impact of Delayed Antibiotic Therapy on Patient Outcomes in Hospital-Onset Enterococcal Bloodstream Infections]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>62</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>1242-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sitges-Serra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Girvent]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almirall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sancho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Postoperative enterococcal infection after treatment of complicated intra-abdominal sepsis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Br J Surg]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>89</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>361-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suppli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aabenhus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harboe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ZB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andersen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tvede]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jensen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JU]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mortality in enterococcal bloodstream infections increases with inappropriate antimicrobial therapy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Microbiol Infect]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>1078-83</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
