<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0124-0137</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Psicogente]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Psicogente]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0124-0137</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Simón Bolívar]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0124-01372021000200156</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17081/psico.24.46.4560</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Escala para medir tecnodependencia en el ámbito personal, familiar, social y laboral en población mexicana]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Technodependence in personal, familiar, social and labor sphere in Mexican population measuring scale]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villavicencio-Ayub]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Erika]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Callejo Estrada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fernando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lagos Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Arely]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calleja Bello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nazira]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Facultad de Psicología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[CDMX ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Facultad de Psicología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[CDMX ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Facultad de Psicología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[CDMX ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Facultad de Psicología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[CDMX ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>46</numero>
<fpage>156</fpage>
<lpage>173</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0124-01372021000200156&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0124-01372021000200156&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0124-01372021000200156&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción:  El uso de la tecnología se ha posicionado como una herramienta indispensable en la actualidad en ámbitos laborales, escolares y hasta en las interacciones sociales. Con ello el involucramiento con las tecnológicas permiten desempeñarnos con mayor productividad y eficiencia; sin embargo, un uso desadaptativo puede propiciar diversas afecciones que inciden en la salud y relaciones de los usuarios.  Objetivo:  Se diseñó una escala para medir tecnodependencia en las personas, conformada por cinco factores que fueron nombrados como Phubbing, Generación Muda, Uso de la Tecnología al Conducir, Uso compulsivo del Celular y la Vida en Redes Sociales.  Método:  Estudio cuantitativo, transversal, con diseño no experimental y muestreo no probabilístico, que contó con 1026 participantes, de los cuales el 63 % correspondía a hombres. Se utilizó la Escala de Tecnodependencia elaborada por los autores para el presente estudio, conformada por un total de 15 reactivos divididos en cinco factores (Uso del celular al conducir, Vida en redes sociales, Generación Muda, Uso compulsivo del celular y Phubbing), además de las variables sociodemográficas, con un índice de confiabilidad de 0,83.  Resultados:  Se encontró correlación estadísticamente significativa entre los cinco factores que definen la escala, con un 59,23 % de la varianza explicada, un índice de confiabilidad a través del Alfa de Cronbach =0,83 y con un buen ajuste (chi-cuadrada= 245,957; GI= 136; CMIN/DF= 3,23; p=0,000; CFI=0,972; y RMSE=0,047).  Conclusiones:  Los hallazgos sugieren que la escala cuenta con propiedades psicométricas adecuadas para medir tecnodependencia en población mexicana. Con esta investigación se aporta una escala con la que se pretende estimular la investigación sobre esta variable en el país y que en un mediano plazo permitirá entender su etiología, estudiar la relación que mantiene con otros factores de riesgo psicosocial y diseñar programas de prevención e intervención con el fin de mejorar la relación de los usuarios, con las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación, creando a su vez espacios de uso saludables.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction:  The use of technology has positioned as an indispensable tool in the nowadays of the labor, scholar, and even social spheres. With that, the involving with the technologies allows us to perform with higher productivity and efficiency. However, a disadaptative use can promote diverse conditions that influence in the health and social relations of the users.  Objective:  It was designed a scale for the measure of technology dependence in people, integrated by five factors that were named Phubbing, Generation Mute, Use of technology while driving, Compulsive use of cellphone, and Life on social media.  Method:  1026 subjects participated, of which 63 % were males. Quantitative, cross-sectional study, with non-experimental design and non-probability sampling, that had 1026 participants, of which 63 % were men. The Technodependence Scale developed by the authors for the present study was used, made up of a total of 15 items divided into five factors (Cell phone use when driving, Life in social networks, Mute Generation, Compulsive cell phone use and Phubbing), in addition to sociodemographic variables, with a reliability index of 0,83.  Results:  It was found statistically significant correlation between the five factors that define the scale, with a 59,23 % of the explained variance, reliability index through Cronbach&#8217;s alpha = 0,83, and a good adjustment (chi-square= 245,957; GI= 136; CMIN/DF= 3,23; p=0,000; CFI= 0,972; and RMSE=0,047).  Conclusions:  The findings suggest that the scale has adequate psychometric properties to measure technodependence in the Mexican population. This research provides a scale with which it is intended to stimulate the research on this variable in the country and that in the medium term will allow understanding its etiology, studying its relationship with other psychosocial risk factors and designing prevention and intervention programs in order to improve the relationship of users, with Information and Communication Technologies, creating in turn healthy spaces for use.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tecnodependencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[phubbing]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[generación muda]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[vida en redes sociales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[uso compulsivo del celular]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[technology dependence]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[phubbing]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[generation mute]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[life on social media]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[compulsive cellphone use]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adès]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lejoyeux]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Encore plus! Jeu, sexe, travail, argent]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Odile Jacob]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agüero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almeida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espitia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flores]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Uso del teléfono celular como distractor en la conducción de automóviles]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Salus]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>27-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ahmed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mohammed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Islam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Smartphone overuse: A hidden crisis in COVID-19]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Health Policy and Technology]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<page-range>10-1</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Asociación de Internet MX</collab>
<source><![CDATA[15 Estudio sobre los Hábitos de los Usuarios de Internet en México 2019]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[En Asociación de Internet MX]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baque]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solís]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arcos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Á.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La Tecnodependencia: libertad o sujeción]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Contribuciones a las Ciencias Sociales]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barragán.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Jóvenes mexicanos pertenecen a &#8220;generación muda&#8221;]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Siete24]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barrios]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bejar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cauchos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Uso excesivo de Smartphones/teléfonos celulares: Phubbing y Nomofobia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista chilena de neuro-psiquiatría]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>205-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Becerra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Cio México]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Capilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Phubbing, ¿es más importante tu smartphone?]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ciencia MX]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Capilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cubo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Phubing. Conectados a la red y desconectados de la realidad. Un análisis en relación al bienestar psicológico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pixel Bit]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<numero>50</numero>
<issue>50</issue>
<page-range>173-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carbonell-Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Adicciones tecnológicas: ¿Qué son y cómo tratarlas?]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Centro de Experimentación y Seguridad Vial México</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Niños y jóvenes continúan mortalmente expuestos en accidentes viales]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Universal]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clairá]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[¿Conectados o comunicados?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista CN]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<numero>541</numero>
<issue>541</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Contreras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caynas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El cerebro adicto]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev med UV]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<page-range>43-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Criado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Adictos al móvil]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Dirección General de Comunicación Social UNAM</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Uso de celular, riesgo para la seguridad de los peatones]]></source>
<year></year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fundación UNAM]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Echeburúa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corral]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Adicciones psicológicas: Más allá de la metáfora]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clínica y Salud]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>251-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gialamas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nikolopouiou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kutromanos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Student teachers&#8217; perceptions about the impact of internet usage on their learning and jobs]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Computers &amp; Education]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<numero>62</numero>
<issue>62</issue>
<page-range>1-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gracia Blanco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. de]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vigo Anglada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marcó Arbonès]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Problemas conductuales relacionados con el uso de Internet: Un estudio exploratorio]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anales de Psicología]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>273-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Griffiths]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Behavioural addiction and substance addiction should be defined by their similarities not their dissimilarities]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Addiction]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>112</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>1718-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baym]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Calling and texting (too much): Mobile maintenance expectations, (over)dependence, entrapment, and friendship satisfaction]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[New Media and Society]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>316-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Los riesgos de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<page-range>184-99</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[CONAMED]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baptista]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Selección de la muestra]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Metodología de la Investigación]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<edition>6ª</edition>
<page-range>170-91</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[McGraw-Hill]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>IMSS</collab>
<source><![CDATA[La Adicción a las Nuevas Tecnologías Provoca Ansiedad y Desmemoria, Advierten Especialistas del IMSS]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[¿Por qué los millennials prefieren los mensajes a las llamadas?]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Universal]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karada&#287;]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tosunta&#351;]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[&#350;B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Erzen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duru]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bostan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[&#350;ahin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BM.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Determinants of phubbing, which is the sum of many virtual addictions: a structural equation model]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Behav Addict]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>60-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kardefelt-Winther]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heeren]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schimmenti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Rooij]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maurage]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Edman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blaszczynski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khazaal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Billieux]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[How can we conceptualize behavioural addiction without pathologizing common behaviours?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Addiction]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laumer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eckhardt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weitzel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Giving too much social support: Social overload on social networking sites]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[European Journal of Information Systems]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>447-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Las redes sociales en educación: desde la innovación a la investigación educativa? RIED]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Iberoamericana de Educación a Distancia]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>25-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morfen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[¿Qué es el &#8216;phubbing&#8217; y por qué está arruinando tus relaciones?]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Excelsior]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Organización Mundial de la Salud</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Uso del celular al volante: un problema creciente de distracción del conductor]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Organización Mundial de la Salud]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Escuela 2.0 educación para el mundo digital]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de estudios de juventud]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<numero>92</numero>
<issue>92</issue>
<page-range>63-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El grado de conciencia de los jóvenes entre 18 y 28 años de edad del uso del celular al conducir]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Honduras ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[UNITEC]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roberts]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[David]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[My life has become a major distraction from my cell phone: Partner phubbing and relationship satisfaction among romantic partners]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Computers in Human Behavior]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<numero>54</numero>
<issue>54</issue>
<page-range>134-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rozo Fonseca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La infoxicación, ¿existe o no en las grandes multinacionales?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Tecnología, Investigación y Academia]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>6-11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salazar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El Tecnoestrés y su efecto sobre la productividad individual y sobre el estrés de rol en trabajadores chilenos: un estudio psicométrico y predictivo]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Oberta de Catalunya]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-Carbonell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beranuy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castellana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chamarro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oberst]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La adicción a Internet y al móvil: ¿moda o trastorno?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Adicciones]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>149</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ojo con la dependencia tecnológica]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Tiempo]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tarafdar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ragu-Nathan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ragu-Nathan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Crossing to the dark side: Examining creators, outcomes, and inhibitors of technostress]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Communications of the ACM]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>113-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tavárez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Análisis del perfil actitudinal frente al futuro académico de la generación z, para detectar oportunidades de mejora en el modelo de Enseñanza-Aprendizaje en la carrera de marketing y negociación Comercial de la Universidad de Guayaquil, año 2017]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Guayaquil, Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Toranzo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Relación entre las Bases Neurobiológicas de las Adicciones a Sustancias y las Tecnoadicciones]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anuario de Investigaciones de la Facultad de Psicología]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>560-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Adaptation and Validation of Technostress Creators and Technostress Inhibitors Inventories in a Spanish-Speaking Latin American Country]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Technology in Society]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>66</volume>
<page-range>101660</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villavicencio-Ayub]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cazares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Adaptación y validación de la escala de tecnoadicción del cuestionario redtecnoestrés, en una población laboral mexicana]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Psicología Iberoamericana]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-19</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villavicencio-Ayub]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ibarra Aguilar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calleja]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tecnoestrés en población mexicana y su relación con variables sociodemográficas y laborales]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Psicogente]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>44</numero>
<issue>44</issue>
<page-range>1-27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villavicencio-Ayub]]></surname>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quiroz]]></surname>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Callejo]]></surname>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lagos]]></surname>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tecnodependencia, tecnoestrés y tecnoadicción: un análisis de sus consecuencias físicas y emocionales en población mexicana y colombiana]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cuadernos de Administración]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zheng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. K. O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Excessive use of mobile social networking sites: Negative consequences on individuals]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Computers in Human Behavior]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<numero>65</numero>
<issue>65</issue>
<page-range>65-76</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
