<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0124-0579</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Estudios Socio-Jurídicos]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Estud. Socio-Juríd]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0124-0579</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad del Rosario]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0124-05792020000100013</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/sociojuridicos/a.8211</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Cómo debemos entender el concepto de "patrón de violencia política": repertorio, objetivo, frecuencia y técnica]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[What Should we Mean by "Pattern of Political Violence"? Repertoire, Targeting, Frequency and Technique]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Como devemos entender o conceito de "Padrão de Violência Política": repertório, objetivo, frequência e técnica]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GÜTIÉRREZ-SANÍN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FRANCISCO]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[JEAN WOOD]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ELISABETH]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia Instituto de Estudios Políticos y Relaciones Internacionales ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Yale University Ciencias Políticas, Estudios Internacionales y Regionales ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>13</fpage>
<lpage>65</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0124-05792020000100013&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0124-05792020000100013&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0124-05792020000100013&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN Para poder interpretar la amplia variabilidad de patrones de violencia observados con el fin de desarrollar y probar teorías sobre la violencia política, los investigadores requieren de bases conceptuales adecuadas: ¿Qué significa decir que una organización armada tiene un patrón de violencia? Los investigadores a menudo distinguen entre los grados, niveles o tipos de violencia de las diferentes organizaciones y conflictos, pero las definiciones y mediciones presentan amplia variabilidad. Sostenemos que los patrones de violencia no son reducibles en la forma en que a menudo se asume en la literatura: la violencia letal no necesariamente es un buen indicador del patrón general, y las diferencias entre patrones no son adecuadamente representadas por el binomio de "terror" versus "moderación". Con el fin de abordar estos temas, proponemos una nueva conceptualización de la violencia política, definiendo el patrón de violencia de una organización como la configuración de repertorio, objetivos, frecuencia y técnica que utiliza regularmente. Este enfoque aporta mayor precisión a la documentación y análisis de la violencia política, clarifica la evaluación de teorías rivales y presenta nuevos interrogantes de investigación. Demostramos su utilidad por medio del análisis de la violencia contra civiles en Colombia, utilizando una base de datos original sobre masacres, procesos judiciales y otras fuentes, y demostramos que el concepto de "patrón" permite reincorporar los conceptos de ideología y política en el análisis de la violencia organizada.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT To leverage the full range of observed variation in patterns of violence toward the development and testing of theories of political violence, scholars need adequate conceptual foundations: what should we mean by a pattern of violence on the part of an armed organization? Scholars often distinguish degrees or levels or types of violence across organizations and conflicts, but definitions and measures vary sharply. We argue that patterns of violence are not reducible in ways often assumed in the literature: lethal violence is not a good proxy for the overall pattern, and differences in patterns are not well captured in the binary "terror" versus "restraint." To address these concerns, we provide a new conceptualization of political violence, defining an organization's pattern of violence as the configuration of repertoire, targeting, frequency, and technique in which it regularly engages. This approach adds precision to the documentation and analysis of political violence, clarifies the evaluation of rival theories, and opens up new research questions. We demonstrate its utility through an analysis of violence against civilians in Colombia, drawing on an original database of massacres, judicial proceedings, and other sources, and show that the concept of "pattern" helps bring ideology and politics back into the analysis of organized violence.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[RESUMO Para conseguir interpretar a ampla variabilidade de patrões de violência observados com o objetivo de desenvolver e provar teorias sobre a violência política, os pesquisadores requerem de bases conceituais adequadas: O que significa dizer que uma organização armada tem um patrão de violência? Os pesquisadores frequentemente distinguem entre os graus, ou níveis ou tipos de violência das diferentes organizações e conflitos, mas as definições e medições apresentam ampla variabilidade. Sustentamos que os patrões de violência não são redutíveis na forma em que a menudo se assume na literatura: a violência letal não necessariamente é um bom indicador do patrão geral, e as diferenças entre patrões não são adequadamente representadas pelo binômio de "terror" versus "moderação". Com o objetivo de abordar estes temas, propomos uma nova organização como a configuração de seu repertório, objetivos, frequência, e técnica que utiliza regularmente. Este enfoque aporta maior precisão à documentação e análise da violência política, clarifica a avaliação de teorias rivais, e apresenta novos interrogantes de pesquisa. Demostramos sua utilidade através da análise da violência contra civis na Colômbia, utilizando uma base de dados original sobre massacres, processos judiciais e outras fontes, e demostramos que o conceito de "patrão" permite reincorporar os conceitos de ideologia e política na análise da violência organizada.]]></p></abstract>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Agence France-Presse</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Violence linked to ISIS intensifies in Middle East]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Anónimo</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Mystery of ISIS]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[New York Review of Books]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arjona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Rebelocracy: Social Order in the Colombian Civil War]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bakke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gallagher Cunningham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seymour]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A Plague of Initials: Fragmentation, Cohesion, y Infighting in Civil Wars]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Perspectives on Politics]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>265-2283</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Balcells Ventura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Behind the Frontlines: Identity, Competition, and Violence in Civil Wars (tesis doctoral)]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New Haven ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Yale]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ball]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Who Did What to Whom? Planning and Implementing a Large Scale Human Rights Project]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington, DC ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[American Association for the Advancement of Science]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ball]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tabeau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verwimp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Bosnian Book of Dead: Assessment of the Database (Full Report)]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[9 Videos That Show How ISIS Violence Has Spread Around Syria And Iraq]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Memoria de los silenciados: El Baile Rojo]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Grafiq]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cederman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Skrede Gleditsch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Disaggregating Civil Wars]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Conflict Resolution]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<page-range>487-95</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Centro Nacional de Memoria Histórica.</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[¡Basta Ya!]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Colombia: Memorias de Guerra y Dignidad]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro Nacional de Memoria Histórica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Centro Nacional de Memoria Histórica.</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Una Verdad Secuestrada: Cuarenta Años de Estadísticas de Secuestro]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Imprenta Nacional]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cohen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Explaining Rape during Civil War: Cross-National Evidence (1980-2009)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Political Science Review]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>107</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>461-77</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cohen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Rape during Civil War]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ithaca ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cornell University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cohen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nordâs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sexual Violence in Armed Conflict: Introducing the SVAC Dataset, 1989-2009]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Peace Research]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<page-range>418-28</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación.</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Informe Final]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Conrad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Greene]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Competition, Differentiation, and the Severity of Terrorist Attacks]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Politics]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>77</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>546-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Malo Fernandez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gustavo Enrique]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<collab>Corte Suprema de Justicia, Sala de Casación Penal.</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Sentencia SP17467-2015 [Arnubio Triana Mahecha y Otros]. Bogotá, D.C. [Colombia]. Diciembre 16]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cramer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Richards]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Violence and War in Agrarian Perspective]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Agrarian Change]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>277-97</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Daly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Organized Violence After Civil War: The Geography of Recruitment in Latin America]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dwyer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lyndall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Introduction: The Massacre and History]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Theatres of Violence: Massacre, Mass Killing and Atrocity throughout History]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<page-range>12-25</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Berghahn Books]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ellyatt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[ISIS Getting More Violent as It Loses Territory? CNBC]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>May 2</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fujii]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Puzzle of Extra-Lethal Violence]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Perspectives on Politics]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>410-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goodwin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A Theory of Categorical Terrorism]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Social Forces]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>84</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>2027-46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Grupo de Memoria Histórica.</collab>
<source><![CDATA[La masacre de Trujillo: Una tragedia que no cesa]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Planeta]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Grupo de Memoria Hisrtórica.</collab>
<source><![CDATA[La Masacre de Bahía Portete:Mujeres Wayuu En La Mira]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Taurus]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez-Sanín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Dilemmas of Recruitment: The Colombian Case]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Understanding Collective Political Violence]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<page-range>175-95</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Hampshire ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Palgrave Macmillan]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gurtiérrez-Sanín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[¿Una historia simple?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Contribución al entendimiento del conflicto armado en Colombia, por la Comisión Histórica Del Conflicto y Sus Victimas]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<page-range>46-50</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ediciones Desde Abajo]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez-Sanín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Estado, control territorial paramilitar y orden político en Colombia]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wills]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Nuestra guerra sin nombre. Transformaciones del conflicto en Colombia]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<page-range>267-312</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Norma]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez-Sanín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giustozzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Networks and Armies: Structuring Rebellion in Colombia and Afghanistan]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Studies in Conflict &amp; Terrorism]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>815-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez-Sanín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Puzzle of Patchy Convergence: Violence in Colombia's Civil War]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ponencia presentada en Conference on Paramilitaries, Militias, and Civil Defense Forces in Civil Wars]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Yale University.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez-Sanín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ideology in Civil War: Instrumental Adoption and Beyond]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Peace Research]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<month>a</month>
<volume>51</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>213-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez-Sanín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Variation in Violence by Paramilitary Groups in Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ponencia presentada en annual meeting of the American Political Science Association]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<month>b</month>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington D.C ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoover Green]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Repertoires of Violence against Non-Combatants: The Role of Armed Grupo Institutions and Ideologies (Tesis de Ph.D.).]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Yale]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoover Green]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Commander's Dilemma: Creating and Controlling Armed Group Violence]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Peace Research]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>619-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Human Rights Clinic at Columbia Law School.</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Counting Drone Strikes Deaths]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Humphreys]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weinstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Handling and Manhandling Civilians in Civil War]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Political Science Review]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>100</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>429-47</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>International Criminal Court.</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Elements of Crimes. International Criminal Court]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaffe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[U.S. Reopens Investigation Into Bombing That Killed at Least 11 Iraqi Civilians]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Washington Post]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaramillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ceballos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[En la encrucijada: Conflicto y cultura política en el Medellín de los años 90]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Corporación Región]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[ISIS WIll Become More Deadly Before It Dies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Slate]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>Noviembre 1</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalyvas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Logic of Violence in Civil War]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalyvas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Micro-Level Studies of Violence in Civil War: Refining and Extending the Control-Collaboration Model]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Terrorism and Political Violence]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>658-68</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalyvas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Balcells]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[International System and Technologies of Rebellion: How the End of the Cold War Shaped Internal Conflict]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Political Science Review]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>104</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>415-29</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kruger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davenport]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Understanding the Logics of Violence: A Victim-Centered, Multi-Dimensional Approach to Concept and Measurement. Working Paper]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Essex y Universidad de Michigan]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lyall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Does Indiscriminate Violence Incite Insurgent Attacks? Evidence from Chechnya]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Conflict Resolution]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>331-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mampilly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Rebel Rulers: Insurgent Governance and Civilian Life during War]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ithaca ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cornell University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manekin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Violence against Civilians in the Second Intifada: The Moderating Effect of Armed Group Structure on Opportunistic Violence]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Comparative Political Studies]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<page-range>1273-300</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mashal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Violence Escalates in Afghanistan as the Taliban, ISIS Fight Over Turf]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cornish]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[All Things Considered]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[DC ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[National Public Radio]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mercado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[León Restrepo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Uraba: el fin de la pesadilla]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[El Tiempo]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Ministerio de Justicia y del Derecho, Colombia.</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Decreto No. 3011 de 2013, Por el cual se reglamentan las Leyes 975 de 2005, 1448 de 2011 y 1592 de 2012]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>26 de diciembre</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nordâs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Sexual Violence in African Conflicts]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortiz Sarmiento]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Uraba: Pulsiones de vida y desafíos de muerte]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[La Carreta Social]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Przeworski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cheibub]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Limongi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Democracy and Development: Political Institutions and Well Being in the World, 1950-1990]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ron]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Savage Restraint: Israel, Palestine and the Dialectics of Legal Repression]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Social Problems]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>445-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ron]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Frontiers and Ghettos: State Violence in Serbia and Israel]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Berkeley ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of California Press.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ronderos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Guerras recicladas. Una historia periodística del paramilitarismo en Colombia]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Aguilar]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sambanis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shayo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Social Identification and Ethnic Conflict]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Political Science Review]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>107</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>294-325</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Staniland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[States, Insurgents, and Wartime Political Orders]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Perspectives on Politics]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>243-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Staniland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Networks of Rebellion: Explaining Insurgent Cohesion and Collapse]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ithaca ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cornell University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stanton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Violence and Restraint in Civil War: Civilian Targeting in the Shadow of International Law]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B62">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stearns]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jason.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Social Rebel: Interest, Social Locus, and the Longevity of Armed Group]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Yale]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B63">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Steele]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Electing Displacement: Political Cleansing in Apartadó, Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Conflict Resolution]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>423-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B64">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Straus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Order of Genocide: Race, Power, and War in Rwanda]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ithaca ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cornell University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B65">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Strauss]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Retreating from the Brink: Theorizing Mass Violence and the Dynamics of Restraint]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Perspectives on Politics]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>343-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B66">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Strauss]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Making and Unmaking Nations: War, Leadership, and Genocide in Modern Africa]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ithaca ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cornell University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B67">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suárez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Identidades políticas y exterminio recíproco. Guerra y masacres en Urabá, 1991-2001.]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[La Carreta]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B68">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tilly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Politics of Collective Violence]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge Universtiy Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B69">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tilly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Regimes and Repertoires]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Chicago, IL ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Chicago Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B70">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Tribunal Superior Del Distrito Judicial De Bogota, Sala De Justicia y Paz</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Sentencia Priorizada Rad. 2014-00146-Ramón María Isaza Arango, 29 de febrero]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B71">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>UN General Assembly</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (last amended 2010), Julio 17]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Hague: International Criminal Court]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B72">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>UN Human Rights Council.</collab>
<source><![CDATA["They came to destroy": ISIS Crimes Against the Yazidis (Advance Version)]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B73">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>United States. Department of the Army.</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Insurgencies and Countering Insurgencies]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B74">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Verdad Abierta.</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Un singular pacto de paz Eln-Farc]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B75">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weinstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Inside Rebellion: The Politics of Insurgent Violence]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B76">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Windrem]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[New Violence Spurs U.S. Fear of ISIS Spreading Like a Virus]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[NBC News]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B77">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Variation in Sexual Violence during War]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Politics and Society]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>307-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B78">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Armed Groups and Sexual Violence: When Is Wartime Rape Rare?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Politics and Society]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<page-range>131-1161</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B79">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sexual Violence during War: Variation and Accountability]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smeulers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alette]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sliefregt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elies van]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Collective Crimes and International Criminal Justice: A Interdisciplinary Approach]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<page-range>297-325</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Antwerp ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Intersentia]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B80">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Rape During War Is Not Inevitable: Variation in Wartime Sexual Violence]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bergsmo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Butenschon Skre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Understanding and Proving International Sex Crimes]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<page-range>389-416</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Beijing ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Torkel Opsahl Academic Epublisher]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B81">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Multiple Perpetrator Rape During War]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Handbook on the Study of Multiple Perpetrator Rape: A Multidisciplinary Response to an International Problem]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<month>a</month>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B82">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Transnational Dynamics of Civil War]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Transnational Dynamics of Civil War]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<month>b</month>
<page-range>231-59</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Checkel, Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B83">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Conflict-related Sexual Violence and the policy Implications of Recent Research]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Review of the Red Cross]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>96</volume>
<numero>894</numero>
<issue>894</issue>
<page-range>457-78</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
