<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0124-5996</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Economía Institucional]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev.econ.inst.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0124-5996</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Externado de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0124-59962019000100233</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18601/01245996.v21n40.09</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Política social y crecimiento económico en seis países latinoamericanos, 1980-2010]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Social policy and economic growth in six Latin American countries, 1980-2010]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Política social e crescimento econômico em seis países latino-americanos, 1980-2010]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pulido]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Clarimar]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ustorgio-Mora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Los Andes  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Javeriana  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cali ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>40</numero>
<fpage>233</fpage>
<lpage>257</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0124-59962019000100233&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0124-59962019000100233&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0124-59962019000100233&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Este escrito analiza la hipótesis de convergencia y el impacto de las políticas sociales en el crecimiento económico de los seis países más grandes de América Latina entre 1980 y 2010. Los resultados indican que las políticas sociales han influido en el crecimiento económico de esos países. De manera más precisa, existen variables no observables (efectos fijos) que afectaron positivamente el crecimiento de Venezuela y Chile, y factores no observables que afectaron negativamente a Brasil y México. Se encontró, además, que la velocidad de convergencia disminuye cuando aumenta el nivel de ingresos, lo que podría indicar que estos países pueden estar convergiendo a sus estados estacionarios. JEL: I25, E24, O47, O54.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This paper analyzes the convergence hypothesis and the impact of social policy on the economic growth of the six largest countries in Latin America between 1980 and 2010. Results suggest that social public policies have positively influenced growth in these economies. Particularly, there are non-observed variables (fixed effects) that positively affect the economic growth in Venezuela and Chile; however, there are other non-observed variables that may be negatively affecting growth in Brazil and Mexico. Regarding the convergence hypothesis, results reveal that the speed of convergence diminishes as real income rises, implying that these countries might be converging to their stable states. JEL: I25, E24, O47, O54.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo Este artigo analisa a hipótese de convergência e o impacto das políticas sociais no crescimento econômico dos seis maiores países da América Latina entre 1980 e 2010. Os resultados indicam que as políticas sociais influenciaram no crescimento econômico desses países. De maneira mais exata, há variáveis não observáveis (efeitos fixos) que afetaram positivamente o crescimento da Venezuela e do Chile, e fatores não observáveis que afetaram negativamente o Brasil e o México. Constatou-se, ainda, que a velocidade de convergência diminui quando o nível de renda aumenta, o que poderia indicar que esses países podem estar convergindo a seus estados estacionários. JEL: I25, E24, O47, O54.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[crecimiento económico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[política social]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[América Latina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[convergencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Economic growth]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[social policy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Latin America]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[convergence]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[crescimento econômico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[política social]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[América Latina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[convergência]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amable]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Juillard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The historical process of convergence]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cepremap]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amadeo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Balance y evaluación de las políticas sociales en América Latina y el Caribe en los 90 y perspectivas futuras]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arellano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bond]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Some tests of specification for panel data: Monte Carlo evidence and an application to employment equations]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Review of Economic Studies]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>277-97</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Astorga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A century of economic growth in Latin America]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Development Economics]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>92</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>232-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Astorga P.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Berges]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[A. y. Fitzgerald]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The standard of living in Latin America over the twentieth century]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Economic History Review]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>765-96</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El papel de la educación superior en el crecimiento y desarrollo de los países iberoamericanos]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barboni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Treibich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[On the Latin American growth paradox: A hindsight into the Golden Age]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[LEM paper 2010/21]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barrientos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Convergence clubs in Latin America: A historical approach. INESAD development working paper 1/2011]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barrientos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Theory, history, and evidence of economic convergence in Latin America]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[INESAD development working paper 13/2007]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Economic growth in a cross section of countries]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Quarterly Journal of Economics]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>106</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>407-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sources of economic growth]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sala-i-Martin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Convergence across states and regions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Brookings Papers on Economic Activity]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>107-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sala-i-Martin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Convergence]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Political Economy]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>100</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>223-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sala-i-Martin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Economic growth]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge, Mass. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[MIT Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baumol]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Productivity growth, convergence, and welfare: What the long-run data show]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Economic Review]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<volume>76</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1072-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bernard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Durlauf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Interpreting tests of the convergence hypothesis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Econometrics]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>71</volume>
<numero>1-2</numero>
<issue>1-2</issue>
<page-range>161-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cárdenas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Análisis de la corrupción y la gobernanza en América Latina]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto L.R. Klein, documento de trabajo 25]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caselli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esquivel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lefort]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reopening the convergence debate: A new look at cross-country growth empirics]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Economic Growth]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>363-89</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Cepal</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Cepalstat: Base de datos y publicaciones estadísticas]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Cepal</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Cohesión social: inclusión y sentido de pertenencia en América Latina y el Caribe]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Domar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Capital expansion, rate of growth, and employment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Econometrica]]></source>
<year>1946</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>137-47</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robertson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wickens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Measuring convergence of the EC Economies]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<page-range>1-92</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Center for Economic Forecasting discussion paper]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fleury]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Política social, exclusión y equidad en América Latina en los 90]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nueva Sociedad]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>156</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harrod]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An essay in dynamic theory]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Economic Journal]]></source>
<year>1939</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<numero>193</numero>
<issue>193</issue>
<page-range>14-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heston]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Summers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bettina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Penn World Table Version 7.0]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Pennsylvania]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hicks]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wodon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Protección social para los pobres en América Latina]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de la Cepal]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>73</volume>
<page-range>95-116</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Islam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Growth empirics: A panel data approach]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Quarterly Journal of Economics]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>110</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>1127-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaldor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A model of economic growth]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Economic Journal]]></source>
<year>1957</year>
<volume>67</volume>
<numero>268</numero>
<issue>268</issue>
<page-range>591-624</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kanbur]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[What&#8217;s social policy got to do with economic growth?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Indian Journal of Human Development]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>3-19</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pesaran]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Growth and convergence in a multi-country empirical stochastic Solow model]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Applied Econometrics]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>357-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lustig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Deutsch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Inter-American Development Bank and poverty reduction: An overview]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mankiw]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A contribution to the empirics of economic growth]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Quarterly Journal of Economics]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>107</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>407-37</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Massad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Macroeconomia en un mundo interdependiente]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago de Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[McGraw-Hill]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mayoral]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[América Latina, .convergencia o divergencia?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Principios]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<page-range>37-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prats]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Causas políticas y consecuencias sociales de la corrupción]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Sociologia]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>88</volume>
<page-range>153-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramsey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A mathematical theory of saving]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Economic Journal]]></source>
<year>1928</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>152</numero>
<issue>152</issue>
<page-range>543-59</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodriguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perrotini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Crecimiento económico y convergencia en América Latina]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Monetaria]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>273-307</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz del C.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Sobre la evolución del gasto público social en América Latina y su papel en la estabilización económica]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago de Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cepal]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sala-i-Martin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Apuntes de crecimiento económico]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Antoni Bosch]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solimano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Crecimiento, justicia distributiva y política social]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de la Cepal]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>65</volume>
<page-range>31-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solimano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hacia nuevas políticas sociales en América Latina: crecimiento, clases medias y derechos sociales]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de la Cepal]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>87</volume>
<page-range>45-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A contribution to the theory of economic growth]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Quarterly Journal of Economics]]></source>
<year>1956</year>
<volume>70</volume>
<page-range>65-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[St. Aubyn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Convergence across industrialized countries (1890-1989): New results using time series methods]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Tecnica de Lisboa]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Swan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Economic growth and capital accumulation. Economic Record]]></source>
<year>1956</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<page-range>334-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tavares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Logros y cuestiones pendientes en la configuración de una política social en Brasil]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valdes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[América Latina y el Caribe: La política social en el nuevo contexto - enfoques y experiencias]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<page-range>68-106</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Montevideo ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Unesco]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
