<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0124-7441</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Justicia]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Justicia]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0124-7441</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Simón Bolívar]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0124-74412021000200011</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17081/just.26.40.5208</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The Necessity in Combating Bioterrorism: An International Experience]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[La necesidad de combatir el bioterrorismo: una experiencia internacional]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Melnyk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Petro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yukhno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Aleksandr]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martov&#1091;tska]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[&#1054;lena]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Strok]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Inna]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Odesa Law Academy  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ucrania ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ucrania ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>40</numero>
<fpage>11</fpage>
<lpage>18</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0124-74412021000200011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0124-74412021000200011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0124-74412021000200011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Objective:  The aim of the article is in examining the characteristics of the relevant samples of successful experience of the developed countries in the sphere of combating bioterrorism.  Method:  The following methods were used by the authors in evaluating the efficiency of the research which involved: historical, analysis as well as bibliographic.  Results: The current threats posed by such a phenomenon as bio-terrorism are identified and characterized, as well as successful international examples of its overcoming are analyzed. The level of danger of bio-terrorism has been established, as well as the negative consequences it causes. Cases of real use of biological weapons in different periods of human existence are characterized. It was during this period that various manifestations of bioterrorism around the world became much more active. Emphasis is placed on the fact that combating such a phenomenon as bioterrorism should be based on a comprehensive approach to solving this problem. Among other things, it should be a combination of effective law enforcement, a stable political situation and systematic interaction between the state and the population.  Conclusions:  The bio-terrorism can be divided into that carried out by criminal organizations, individuals or religious on the one hand, and that carried out by the state on the other. The bioterrorism, together with many of its harmful effects, poses a significant danger to humanity and society. It greatly damages the lives and health of individuals, destroys and destroys nature and the environment, and can create political and economic crises or social upheavals.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Objetivo:  El objetivo del artículo es examinar las características de las muestras relevantes de experiencias exitosas de los países desarrollados en el ámbito del combate al bioterrorismo.  Método:  Los autores utilizaron los siguientes métodos para evaluar la eficiencia de la investigación que involucró: histórico, análisis y bibliográfico.  Resultados:  Se identifican y caracterizan las amenazas actuales que plantea un fenómeno como el bioterrorismo y se analizan ejemplos internacionales exitosos de su superación. Se ha establecido el nivel de peligro del bioterrorismo, así como las consecuencias negativas que ocasiona. Se caracterizan casos de uso real de armas biológicas en diferentes períodos de la existencia humana. Fue durante este período que varias manifestaciones de bioterrorismo en todo el mundo se volvieron mucho más activas. Se hace hincapié en el hecho de que la lucha contra un fenómeno como el bioterrorismo debe basarse en un enfoque integral para resolver este problema. Entre otras cosas, debe ser una combinación de aplicación efectiva de la ley, una situación política estable e interacción sistemática entre el estado y la población.  Conclusiones:  El bioterrorismo se puede dividir en el realizado por organizaciones criminales, individuales o religiosas por un lado, y el realizado por el Estado por otro. El bioterrorismo, junto con muchos de sus efectos nocivos, representa un peligro importante para la humanidad y la sociedad. Daña enormemente la vida y la salud de las personas, destruye y destruye la naturaleza y el medio ambiente y puede crear crisis políticas y económicas o trastornos sociales.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[bioterrorism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[effective counter-action]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[crimes against humanity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[negative consequences]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[bioterrorismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[contraacción efectiva]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[crímenes de lesa humanidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[consecuencias negativas]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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