<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0124-7441</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Justicia]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Justicia]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0124-7441</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Simón Bolívar]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0124-74412023000200089</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17081/just.28.44.6502</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Abogados y política: Análisis de la participación de estudios de abogados en la segunda vuelta de la campaña electoral peruana]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Lawyers and politics: Analysis of the participation of law firms in the second round of the Peruvian electoral campaign]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quiñonez Oré]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Héctor Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lima ]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>44</numero>
<fpage>89</fpage>
<lpage>106</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0124-74412023000200089&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0124-74412023000200089&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0124-74412023000200089&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Objetivo:  El presente artículo de investigación busca indagar cuál ha sido el rol que los estudios de abogados cumplieron en la presentación de recursos de nulidad que tuvieron por finalidad anular los resultados de la segunda vuelta electoral nacional promovidas por el partido político Fuerza Popular. Desde un aspecto teórico se realiza un análisis de las principales investigaciones socio-jurídicas e interdisciplinarias sobre la profesión legal y de los principales marcos teóricos que justifican su estudio e impacto en el campo jurídico, resaltando su relación con el estado de derecho y la democracia en contextos de polarización política.  Método:  En el plano metodológico a través del análisis de discurso y contenidos, así como de las técnicas de framing de la cobertura mediática realizada por los medios de comunicación, se evalúa las implicancias políticas y sociales de la presentación de los recursos de nulidad elaborados por los estudios de abogados.  Resultados:  Producto del análisis realizado, se observa que la presentación de recursos de nulidad formulados por el Partido Fuerza Popular tuvo la participación de estudios de abogados, quienes diseñaron una estrategia legal a efectos de cuestionar los resultados de las elecciones nacionales, asumiendo una participación no solo meramente técnica, sino ante todo política.  Conclusiones:  Se concluye que la participación de los estudios de abogados no puede ser entendida como una intervención meramente técnica, debido a que la impugnación de resultados electorales y el desconocimiento de la victoria de la candidatura ganadora constituye una afectación a la calidad democrática que atenta contra el estado de derecho y la institucionalidad política y legal del país.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Objective:  This article seeks to investigate the role that law firms played in the presentation of annulment appeals that had the purpose of annulling the results of the second national electoral round promoted by the Fuerza Popular political party. From a theoretical aspect, an analysis of the main socio-legal and interdisciplinary research on the legal profession and the main theoretical frameworks that justify its study and impact in the legal field is carried out, highlighting its relationship with the rule of law and democracy in contexts of political polarization.  Method:  At the methodological level, through the analysis of discourse and contents, as well as the framing techniques of the media coverage carried out by the media, the political and social implications of the presentation of the annulment appeals prepared by the media are evaluated.  Results:  As a result of the analysis carried out, it is observed that the presentation of annulment appeals formulated by the Popular Force Party, had the participation of law firms, who designed a legal strategy to question the results of the national elections, assuming a participation that is not merely technical, but above all political.  Conclusions:  It is concluded that the participation of law firms cannot be understood as a merely technical intervention, since the challenge of electoral results and the ignorance of the victory of the winning candidacy constitutes an affectation to the democratic quality that threatens the rule of law and the country&#8217;s political and legal institutions.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[abogados]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[elecciones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[nulidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[política]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[voto]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Elections]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[lawyers]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[nullity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[politic]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[vote]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alcántara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Partidos Políticos en América Latina: Precisiones conceptuales, estado actual y retos futuros]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CIDOB]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almeyda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quiñonez Oré]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La academia jurídica en el Perú: Su utilización e intereses particulares]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>AS</collab>
<source><![CDATA[¿Quiénes son los abogados de Keiko Fujimori en la reclamación de los resultados de la ONPE?]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bazán Seminario]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Las abogadas y los abogados: modernas, modernos y coloniales]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[IUS ET VERITAS]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<numero>58</numero>
<issue>58</issue>
<page-range>226-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boscán Carrasquero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Judicialización y politización en América Latina: Una nueva estrategia para el estudio de la interacción entre los poderes públicos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cuestiones Jurídicas. Revista de Ciencias Jurídicas de la Universidad Rafael Urdaneta]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>IV</volume>
<numero>02</numero>
<issue>02</issue>
<page-range>51-83</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Botelho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Los abogados populares: en busca de una identidad]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[El Otro Derecho]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<numero>26-27</numero>
<issue>26-27</issue>
<page-range>193-227</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[ILSA]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boussebaa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Faulconbridge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Professional service firms as agents of economic globalization: A political perspective]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Professions and Organization]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<page-range>72-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bourdieu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wacquant]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Una invitación a la sociología reflexiva]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Siglo XXI Editores]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bourdieu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Elementos para una sociología del campo jurídico]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Teubner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gunther]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La fuerza del Derecho]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<page-range>155-220</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Siglo del Hombre Editores]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jo-M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Peru Has a New President, But Fujimori&#8217;s Election Lie Imperils Democracy]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Perú: Polarización e incertidumbre]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Casal-Bertoa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rama]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Antiestablisment Challenge]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Democracy]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>37-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Correo</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Fuerza Popular coordina para presentar pedidos de nulidad]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dahl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[On Democracy]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New Haven ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Yale University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Deflem]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Sociology of Law: Visions of a scholarly tradition]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Del Mastro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La enseñanza del derecho frente al pasado de sus estudiantes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Derecho PUCP]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<numero>84</numero>
<issue>84</issue>
<page-range>393-442</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dezalay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La internacionalización de las luchas por el poder. La competencia entre abogados y economistas por transformar los Estados Latinoamericanos]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Colombia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[ILSA]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dezalay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Lords of the dance&#8217; as double agents: elite actors in and around the legal field]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Professions and Organization]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<page-range>188-206</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dezalay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Lawyers and the rule of law in an era of globalization]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[USA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eberhardt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olivet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Cuando la injusticia es negocio: Cómo las firmas de abogados, árbitros y financiadores alimenta el auge del arbitraje de inversiones]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ámsterdam ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Corporate Europe Observatory y Transnational Institute]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>El Comercio</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Fuerza Popular presentará en las próximas horas una &#8220;gran cantidad&#8221; de pedidos de nulidad]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Errejón Galván]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La lucha por la hegemonía en el primer gobierno del MAS en Bolivia (2006-2009). Un análisis discursivo]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Exitosa</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Keiko Fujimori: equipo de 20 abogados presenta denuncia penal en su contra por pedido de nulidad]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Falcón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Perú: El máximo exponente de la polarización]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Faiola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mccoy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[With election fraud claims, Peru&#8217;s Keiko Fujimori takes a page from the Trump playbook. She&#8217;s not alone]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferrari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Derecho y Sociedad: Elementos de Sociología del Derecho]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Externado de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fortich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Á.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Elementos de la Teoría de los campos de Pierre Bourdieu para una aproximación al Derecho en América Latina: Consideraciones previas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Verba Iuris]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<numero>27</numero>
<issue>27</issue>
<page-range>47-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fowks]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quesada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La extrema polarización divide Perú a una semana de las presidenciales]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[EL PAÍS]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goffman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Frame Analysis. Los marcos de la experiencia]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicos ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Madrid]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonzales Mantilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Los jueces: Carrera judicial y cultura jurídica]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Palestra Editores]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hatcher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Abogacía legal - ¿Por la derecha? Conservadores, ideología y activismo social]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pensamiento Jurídico]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<numero>22</numero>
<issue>22</issue>
<page-range>171-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández Vicencio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El Colegio de Abogados Católicos como parte del activismo de la nueva derecha católica en México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Leviathan. Centro de Investigaciones Jurídicas]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<numero>14</numero>
<issue>14</issue>
<page-range>51-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herrera Velarde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El cerebro corrupto. La Ley detrás de la Ley]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[MITIN]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kennedy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La enseñanza del Derecho como forma de acción política]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Siglo XXI Editores]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kennedy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La educación legal como preparación para la jerarquía]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Courtis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Christian]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Desde otra mirada. Textos de Teoría Crítica del Derecho]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<edition>2</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Eudeba]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krishnan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.M.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pence]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Legal Elites and the Shaping of Corporate Law Practice in Brazil: A Historical Study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Law &amp; Social Inquiry]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>346-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>La Mula</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Abogados de estudios preparan ola de observaciones para anular actas donde gana Castillo]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>La República</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Keiko Fujimori busca anular más de 200.000 votos a nivel nacional]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>La República</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Torres tras pedidos de nulidad: Cada abogado de manera voluntaria ha entregado su tiempo]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Levitsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ziblat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Como mueren las democracias]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ariel]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Legal Profession as a Social Process: A Theory on Lawyers and Globalization]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Law &amp; Social Inquiry]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>670-93</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Londoño Toro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Educación legal clínica y litigio estratégico en Iberoamérica]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Universidad del Rosario]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Malin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Theoretical frameworks used in studying professions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Social Work &amp; Social Sciences Review]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>7-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-Barahona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Las Cortes Supremas como mecanismo de distribución de poder: El caso de la reelección presidencial en Costa Rica y Nicaragua]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de ciencia política]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>723-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mavila León]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La corrupción en el Poder Judicial como parte del sistema de justicia en la década de 1990-2000: estudio crítico sobre las aproximaciones acerca de su naturaleza y su solución]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La utilización política del terrorismo en la campaña presidencial peruana de 2021]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Universitas-XXI]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<page-range>243-68</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mujica]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Micropolíticas de la corrupción. Redes de poder y corrupción en el Palacio de Justicia]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asamblea Nacional de Rectores]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Ojo Público</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Fujimori presenta ofensiva legal cuando Castillo la supera en votos en actas procesadas]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Ojo Público</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Más de 40 abogados de grandes estudios aportaron a la estrategia del fraude de Fuerza Popular]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pásara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Los abogados de Lima y la administración de justicia. Una aproximación preliminar]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lima ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto de Defensa Legal]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Przeworski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Crises of democracy]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quiñonez Oré]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Redes de corrupción en el Derecho]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Hammurabi]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quiñonez Oré]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Abogados y académicos en el Derecho: Roles y discursos a propósito del Covid-19]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castañeda Méndez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Covid 19: Justicia Transdisciplinaria: Situaciones límites]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Perú-Colombia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Ibeoramericano Apex Iuris]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Resumen Latinoamericano</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Perú. Pedro Castillo: Abogados pedirán al Poder Judicial suspensión de proclamación del candidato]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Becoming a Lawyer in a Large Law Firm: The Idea of the Unstoppable Worker]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Professions &amp; professionalism]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>1-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sciulli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Professions in civil society and the state. Invariant foundations and consequences]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Studies in Sociology and Social Anthropology]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<page-range>110</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Semekto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valkenburg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Framing european politics: A content analysis of press and television news]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Jornal of Communication]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<page-range>93-109</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Spring]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Southworth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Lawyers of the Right. Professionalizing the Conservative Coalition]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Chicago series in law and society]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Svolik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Polarization versus Democracy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Democracy]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>20-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torcal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Veinticinco años de polarización afectiva en España]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trubek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Sá e Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Legal Professionals and Development Strategies: Corporate Lawyers and the Construction of the Telecoms Sector in Brazil (1980s-2010s)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Law &amp; Social Inquiry]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<page-range>1-29</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B62">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tucker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Theocharis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roberts]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.E.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barberá]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[From Liberation to Turmoil: Social Media and Democracy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Democracy]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>46-59</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B63">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Unión Europea. Misión de expertos electorales</collab>
<source><![CDATA[República del Perú 2021. Elecciones generales 11 de abril de 202, Segunda vuelta presidencial 6 de junio de 202. Informe Final]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B64">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martí]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.P.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ciencia Política: Un manual]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ariel]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B65">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Dijk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Discurso y poder]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Gedisa]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B66">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vértiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Los abogados populares y sus prácticas profesionales. Hacia una aplicación práctica de la crítica jurídica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Crítica Jurídica]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<numero>35</numero>
<issue>35</issue>
<page-range>251-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B67">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Viejo Viñas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Frame Analysis: Encuadre teórico, operacionalización empírica, líneas de investigación]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ SEMINARIO IGOP]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc>BARCELONA </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B68">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villanueva Flores]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Imparcialidad, estereotipos de género y corrupción judicial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Derecho PUCP]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>86</volume>
<page-range>363-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B69">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Waldner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lust]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Unwelcome Change: Coming to Terms with Democratic Backsliding]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annual Review of Political Science]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>93-113</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B70">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Wayka</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Estudios jurídicos más exclusivos del país intervienen a favor de Keiko Fujimori]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B71">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Wayka</collab>
<source><![CDATA[500 abogados rechazan que estudios legales preparen demandas para anular votos]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
