<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0370-3908</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. acad. colomb. cienc. exact. fis. nat.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0370-3908</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0370-39082018000400392</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18257/raccefyn.664</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[La incertidumbre climática y el dilema energético colombiano]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Climatic uncertainty and the Colombian energy dilema]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Camilo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del Norte  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Barranquilla ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>165</numero>
<fpage>392</fpage>
<lpage>401</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0370-39082018000400392&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0370-39082018000400392&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0370-39082018000400392&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El fenómeno de El Niño en Colombia está marcado por un déficit de precipitaciones precisamente donde se localizan la mayor parte de las hidroeléctricas del país. Si el clima del Plioceno, hace ~2,6 a 5,3 millones de años, es análogo al que podríamos esperar durante este siglo, el déficit en las precipitaciones afectaría la generación hidroeléctrica en Colombia. El respaldo de la generación hídroeléctrica en Colombia es el gas. Las reservas de gas y petróleo en nuestro país están agotándose y nuestra ventana de autoabastecimiento está cercana a su fin. La combinación de estos factores hace que la generación eléctrica colombiana sea muy vulnerable a los fenómenos climáticos que implican déficit en las precipitaciones. El calentamiento global, producto principalmente de la quema de carbón, petróleo y gas, podría llevarnos a una situación en la que, paradójicamente, la única alternativa para que el país tenga independencia y seguridad energética sea el carbón.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The El Niño phenomenon in Colombia is characterized by a rainfall deficit precisely where most of the country&#8217;s hydroelectric plants are located. Climatic conditions of the Pliocene, ~ 2.6 to 5.3 million years ago, a good analogy for the changing global climate, suggest that rainfall deficits would occur in Colombia, negatively impacting hydroelectric generation. The backup for hydroelectric generation in Colombia is gas. Gas and oil reserves in our country are running out and our self-supply window is nearing its end. The combination of these factors make Colombia&#8217;s electricity generation highly vulnerable particularly to climatic conditions where rainfall deficits exist. Global warming caused by the burning of coal, oil and gas, could bring a scenario where, paradoxically, the only alternative for the country to have independence and energy security would be coal.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[El Niño]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[El Niño - Oscilación Meridional (ENOM)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Electricidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Carbón]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Gas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Cambio climático]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Colombia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[El Niño]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Electricity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Coal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Gas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Climate change]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Colombia]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adams]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ammann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Proxy evidence for an El Niño-like response to volcanic forcing]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>426</volume>
<numero>6964</numero>
<issue>6964</issue>
<page-range>274</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zavala-Araiza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lyon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Allen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barkley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brandt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herndon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jacob]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karion]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Assessment of methane emissions from the US oil and gas supply chain]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Science]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>361</volume>
<numero>6398</numero>
<issue>6398</issue>
<page-range>186-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Asociación Nacional de Empresas Generadoras - ANDEG</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Un análisis del precio de escasez]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<page-range>28</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[ANDEG]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anderson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saylor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shanahan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Horton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Paleoelevation records from lipid biomarkers: Application to the tropical Andes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[GSA Bulletin]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>127</volume>
<numero>11-12</numero>
<issue>11-12</issue>
<page-range>1604-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Angarita]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wickel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sieber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chavarro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maldonado-Ocampo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herrera-R]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delgado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Purkey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Basin-scale impacts of hydropower development on the Mompós Depression wetlands, Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Hydrology and Earth System Sciences]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bathiany]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dakos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scheffer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lenton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Climate models predict increasing temperature variability in poor countries]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Science advances]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baumert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herzog]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pershing]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Navigating the Numbers, Greenhouse Gas Data and International Climate Policy, U.S.A]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<page-range>122</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington DC ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[World Resources Institute]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bayona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cardona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaramillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ojeda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valencia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ayala-Calvo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Intraplate subsidence and basin filling adjacent to an oceanic arccontinent collision: A case from the southern Caribbean-South America plate margin]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Basin Research]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<page-range>403-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bedoya-Soto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poveda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trenberth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vélez-Upegui]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Interannual hydroclimatic variability and the 2009-2011 extreme ENSO phases in Colombia: From Andean glaciers to Caribbean lowlands]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Theoretical and Applied Climatology]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beltrán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Carbones de Colombia]]></source>
<year>1974</year>
<page-range>254</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ministerio de Minas y Petróleos]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blanco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barandica]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Viloria]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[ENSO and the rise and fall of a tilapia fishery in northern Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Fisheries Research]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>88</volume>
<numero>1-3</numero>
<issue>1-3</issue>
<page-range>100-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bove]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O&#8217;Brien]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eisner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Landsea]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Niu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of El Niño on US landfalling hurricanes, revisited]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>79</volume>
<page-range>2477-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borlace]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lengaigne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Rensch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Collins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vecchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Timmermann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santoso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McPhaden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Increasing frequency of extreme El Niño events due to greenhouse warming]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature climate change]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>111</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santoso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yeh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.-W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[An]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.-I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cobb]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Collins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guilyardi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.-F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kug]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.-S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[ENSO and greenhouse warming]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature Climate Change]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>849</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cardona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ayala]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bustamante]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoyos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montenegro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ojeda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Niño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valencia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rincón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vervoort]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zapata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[From arc-continent collision to continuous convergence, clues from Paleogene conglomerates along the southern Caribbean-South America plate boundary]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Tectonophysics]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>580</volume>
<page-range>58-87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cediel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Petroleum Geology of Colombia]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<page-range>225</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Geology and Hydrocarbon Potential. Regional Geology of Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cediel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shaw]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cáceres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tectonic assembly of the northern Andean Block]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[AAPG Memoir]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>79</volume>
<page-range>815-48</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cobb]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Charles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cheng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Edwards]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El Niño/Southern Oscillation and tropical Pacific climate during the last millennium]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>424</volume>
<numero>6946</numero>
<issue>6946</issue>
<page-range>271</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Colciencias</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Boletín estadístico]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Collins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[An]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.-I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ganachaud]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guilyardi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.-F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jochum]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lengaigne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Power]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Timmermann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The impact of global warming on the tropical Pacific Ocean and El Niño]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature Geoscience]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>391</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wigley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Global patterns of ENSO&#8208;induced precipitation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geophysical Research Letters]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>1283-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Donnelly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Woodruff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Intense hurricane activity over the past 5,000 years controlled by El Niño and the West African monsoon]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>447</volume>
<numero>7143</numero>
<issue>7143</issue>
<page-range>465</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Escalona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An overview of the petroleum system of Maracaibo Basin]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[AAPG Bulletin]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>90</volume>
<page-range>657-78</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Friedel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bernard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Courtillot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dercourt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaupart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Le Pichon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Madariaga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mantagner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pecker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poirier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salencon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schiendele]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tapponnier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Interim Report by an ad hoc working party of the Academie des Sciences]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Academie des Sciences]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<page-range>32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fyfe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gillett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zwiers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Overestimated global warming over the past 20 years]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature Climate Change]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>767</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gergis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fowler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A history of ENSO events since A.D. 1525: Implications for future climate change]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Climatic Change]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>92</volume>
<page-range>343-87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Helmens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van der Hammen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Pliocene and Quaternary of the high plain of Bogotá (Colombia): A history of tectonic uplift, basin development and climatic change]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Quaternary International]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<page-range>41-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hooghiemstra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wijninga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cleef]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The paleobotanical record of Colombia: Implications for biogeography and biodiversity]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>93</volume>
<page-range>297-324</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kreft]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eckstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kerestan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hagen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Global Climate Risk Index 2015: Who Suffers Most From Extreme Weather Events? Weather-related Loss Events in 2013 and 1994 to 2013]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<page-range>32</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bonn ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Germanwatch e.V.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lawrence]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herbert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evolution of the eastern tropical Pacific through Plio-Pleistocene glaciation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Science]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>312</volume>
<numero>5770</numero>
<issue>5770</issue>
<page-range>79-83</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Medina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Domínguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uribe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zapata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arango]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Correa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Estudio para determinar la vulnerabilidad y las opciones de adaptación del sector energético colombiano frente al cambio clima&#769;tico]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<page-range>416</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogota ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Unidad de Planeación Minero-Energética - UPME]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Macías]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andrade]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Estudio de generación eléctrica bajo escenario de cambio climático]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<page-range>106</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogota ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Unidad de Planeación Minero-Energética - UPME]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Millar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fuglestvedt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Friedlingstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rogelj]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grubb]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matthews]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Skeie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Forster]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frame]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Allen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Emission budgets and pathways consistent with limiting warming to 1.5 C]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature Geoscience]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<page-range>741-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Molinares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fiorini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Escobar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaramillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Paleoenvironmental reconstruction for the lower Pliocene Arroyo Piedras section (Tubará-Colombia): Implications for the Magdalena River-paleodelta&#8217;s dynamic]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of South American Earth Sciences]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<page-range>170-83</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Molnar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cane]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El Niño&#8217;s tropical climate and teleconnections as a blueprint for pre-Ice Age climates]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Paleoceanography]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Molnar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cane]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Early Pliocene (pre-Ice Age) El Niño-like global climate; which El Niño?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geosphere]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>337-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno-Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pardo-Trujillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Stratigraphical and sedimentological constraints on western Colombia: Implications on the evolution of the Caribbean plate]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bartolini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buffler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blickwede]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Circum-Gulf of México and the Caribbean: Hydrocarbon habitats, basin formation, and plate tectonics]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>79</volume>
<page-range>891-924</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Edmonds]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Payenberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thyer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Avulsion triggering by El Niño-Southern Oscillation and tectonic forcing: The case of the tropical Magdalena River, Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[GSA Bulletin]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>129</volume>
<numero>9-10</numero>
<issue>9-10</issue>
<page-range>1300-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Müller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sdrolias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gaina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roest]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Age, spreading rates, and spreading asymmetry of the world&#8217;s ocean crust]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>19</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Normile]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bucking global trends, Japan again embraces coal power]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Science]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>360</volume>
<numero>6388</numero>
<issue>6388</issue>
<page-range>476-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-Ángel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Molnar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sea Surface Temperatures in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific and Surface Temperatures in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia During El Niño: Implications for Pliocene Conditions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Paleoceanography]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>1309-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Philander]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fedorov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Role of tropics in changing the response to Milankovich forcing some three million years ago]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Paleoceanography]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poveda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La hidroclimatología de Colombia: una síntesis desde la escala inter-decadal hasta la escala diurna]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>107</numero>
<issue>107</issue>
<page-range>201-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poveda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaramillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quiceno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mantilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Seasonality in ENSO-related precipitation, river discharges, soil moisture, and vegetation index in Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Water resources research]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>2169-78</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poveda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evidencias de la asociación entre brotes epidémicos de malaria en Colombia y el fenómeno El Niño-Oscilación del Sur]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>81</numero>
<issue>81</issue>
<page-range>421-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rajaratnam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tsiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Diffenbaugh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Debunking the climate hiatus]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Climatic Change]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>133</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>129-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ravelo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dekens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McCarthy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evidence for El Niño-like conditions during the Pliocene]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gsa Today]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luckge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reinhardt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sirocko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wolf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dullo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El Niño variability off Perú during the last 20,000 years]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Paleoceanography]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>17</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Restrepo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kjerfve]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Magdalena river: Interannual variability (1975-1995) and revised water discharge and sediment load estimates]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of hydrology]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>235</volume>
<numero>1-2</numero>
<issue>1-2</issue>
<page-range>137-49</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Restrepo-López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torregroza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Suspended sediment load in northwestern South America (Colombia): A new view on variability and fluxes into the Caribbean Sea]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of South American Earth Sciences]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>80</volume>
<page-range>340-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rogelj]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luderer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pietzcker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kriegler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schae]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riahi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Energy system transformations for limiting end-of-century warming to below 1.5 °C]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature Climate Change]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>519-27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ropelewski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Halpert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[North American precipitation and temperature patterns associated with the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Monthly Weather Review]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<volume>114</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>2352-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salzmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dolan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haywood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Voss]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hill]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abe-Ouchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Otto-Bliesner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bragg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chandler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Contoux]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dowsett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jost]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kamae]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lohmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lunt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pickering]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pound]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosenbloom]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sohl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stepanek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ueda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Challenges in quantifying Pliocene terrestrial warming revealed by data-model discord]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature Climate Change]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<page-range>969-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schrag]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Coal as a low-carbon fuel?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature Geoscience]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>818</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scotese]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Golonka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Paleogeographic atlas, PALEOMAP Project]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<page-range>35</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Texas at Arlington]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spikings]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cochran]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villagómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van der Lelij]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vallejo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Winker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beate]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The geological history of northwestern South America: From Pangaea to the early collision of the Caribbean Large Igneous Province (290-75 Ma)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gondwana Research]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<page-range>96-139</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Timmermann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oberhuber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bacher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Latif]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roeckner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Increased El Niño frequency in a climate model forced by future greenhouse warming]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>398</volume>
<numero>6729</numero>
<issue>6729</issue>
<page-range>694</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tollefson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Trump pulls United States out of Paris climate agreement]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature News]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>546</volume>
<numero>7657</numero>
<issue>7657</issue>
<page-range>198</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Naciones Unidas</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Convención Marco sobre el Cambio Climático: Conferencia de las Partes, 21er período de sesiones]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<page-range>40</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[París ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Naciones Unidas]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Unidad de Planeación Minero-Energética - UPME</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Boletín Estadístico de Minas y Energía 1990-2010]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<page-range>248</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogota ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Unidad de Planeación Minero-Energética - UPME</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Boletín Estadístico de Minas y Energía 2000-2013]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<page-range>263</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B62">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Unidad de Planeación Minero-Energética - UPME</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Plan Energético Nacional Colombia: Ideario Energético 2050]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<page-range>183</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B63">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Unidad de Planeación Minero-Energética - UPME</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Boletín Estadístico de Minas y Energía, 2012-2016]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<page-range>200</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B64">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uribe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arango]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[León]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Domínguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Definir estrategias del mapa de ruta para la adaptación del sector energético frente al cambio climático]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<page-range>203</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[UPME, Unidad de Planeación Minero Energética]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B65">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van der Hammen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Werner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Dommelen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Palynological record of the upheaval of the Northern Andes: A study of the Pliocene and Lower Quaternary of the Colombian Eastern Cordillera and the early evolution of its High-Andean biota]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology]]></source>
<year>1973</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>1-2</numero>
<issue>1-2</issue>
<page-range>1-122</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B66">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Oldenborgh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Philip]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Collins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El Niño in a changing climate: A multi-model study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ocean Science]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>81-95</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B67">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villamil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Campanian-Miocene tectonostratigraphy, depocenter evolution and basin development of Colombia and western Venezuela]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>153</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>239-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B68">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villamil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Regional hydrocarbon systems of Colombia and western Venezuela; their origin, potential, and exploration]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[AAPG Memoir]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>79</volume>
<page-range>697-734</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B69">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Permanent El Niño-Like Conditions During the Pliocene Warm Period]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Science]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>309</volume>
<numero>758</numero>
<issue>758</issue>
<page-range>758-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B70">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cardona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paniagua]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cordani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sepúlveda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wilson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Cabo de la Vela Mafic-Ultramafic Complex, Northeastern Colombian Caribbean region: A record of multistage evolution of a Late Cretaceous intra-oceanic arc]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>328</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>549-68</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[London ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Geological Society]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B71">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Woodall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Physics for Future Presidents]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<page-range>361</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[W. W. Norton &amp; Company]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B72">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yeh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.-W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kug]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.-S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dewitte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kwon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.-H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kirtman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.-F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El Niño in a changing climate]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>461</volume>
<numero>7263</numero>
<issue>7263</issue>
<page-range>511</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B73">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zachos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pagani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sloan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thomas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Billups]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Trends, rhythms, and aberrations in global climate 65 Ma to present]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Science]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>292</volume>
<numero>5517</numero>
<issue>5517</issue>
<page-range>686-93</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
