<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0370-3908</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. acad. colomb. cienc. exact. fis. nat.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0370-3908</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0370-39082020000300857</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18257/raccefyn.899</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[On the general circulation of the atmosphere around Colombia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Circulación general de la atmósfera alrededor de Colombia]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mesa-Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Óscar José]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojo-Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Julián David]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia Departamento de Geociencias y Medio Ambiente ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>44</volume>
<numero>172</numero>
<fpage>857</fpage>
<lpage>875</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0370-39082020000300857&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0370-39082020000300857&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0370-39082020000300857&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The average annual precipitation in the Pacific coast of Colombia ranges from 8,000 to 13,000 mm. The annual average (1960-2018) in Puerto López (Cauca) rain gauge (77°14'56.3"W, 2°50'43.0"N) is 13.159 mm making it, probably, the rainiest place on the Earth. Such a large amount of precipitation also means a sizeable diabatic heating source over western Colombia, which is responsible for driving the circulation in northern South America and Mesoamerica from mid-March to the end of November. We applied a simple conceptual model to study the heat-induced circulation. Our results indicated that the heating source over western Colombia produces a steady, low-level westerly inflow as a result of a half planetary wave propagating over Mesoamerica and the far eastern Pacific that generates two cyclonical flows. On the east side of the heating source, a Kelvin wave generates a low-level easterly flow from the tropical Atlantic Ocean and the Northern Amazon and Orinoco basins in a Walker-type circulation. This Rossby and Kelvin patterns create information pathways, which, in their turn, dominate the low- and upper-level wind fields. Documented observations about the atmosphere's general circulation over northern South America and Mesoamérica are consistent enough to support the assertion that a set of waves trapped in the tropics induced by a heating source explains the circulation over Colombia and its surroundings.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La precipitación media multianual en las llanuras de la costa Pacífica colombiana varía entre los 8.000 y los 13.000 mm. El promedio anual en Puerto López (Cauca) (77°14'56,3"O, 2°50'43,0"N) es de 13.159 mm (1960-2018), probablemente el más alto del planeta. Tal cantidad de precipitación también implica el establecimiento de una fuente de calor diabática por condensación, la cual, a su vez, es responsable de la generación de la circulación atmosférica sobre el norte de Suramérica y Mesoamérica entre mediados de marzo y el fin de noviembre. En el presente trabajo se aplicó un modelo simple de circulación inducida por una fuente de calor diabática para estudiar la circulación general de la atmósfera alrededor de Colombia. Los resultados indicaron que la mencionada fuente de calor produce por sí misma fuertes vientos del oeste como respuesta a la propagación de media onda de Rossby sobre Mesoamérica y el Pacífico Este. Hacia el este de la fuente de calor, una onda Kelvin es responsable de los vientos del este que viajan desde el océano Atlántico tropical hacia Colombia. Ambas ondas, la planetaria y la Kelvin, dominan las trayectorias de flujo de los campos de vientos a bajo y alto nivel en la tropósfera sobre Colombia y su vecindario. Las observaciones documentadas sobre la circulación general de la atmósfera en el norte de Suramérica y Mesoamérica son suficientemente sólidas para respaldar la afirmación de que un conjunto de ondas inducidas por una fuente de calor y atrapadas en el ecuador explican la circulación general de la atmósfera sobre Colombia y su vecindario.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Equatorial waves]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[South America]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mesoamerica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Colombia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Hydroclimatology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ondas ecuatoriales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Mesoamérica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Suramérica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Hidro-climatología]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Colombia]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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