<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0370-3908</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. acad. colomb. cienc. exact. fis. nat.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0370-3908</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0370-39082022000100090</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18257/raccefyn.1518</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Environmental changes during the last 1800 years in the Neguanje mangrove, Tayrona National Natural Park, Colombian Caribbean]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Cambios ambientales en los últimos 1800 años en el manglar de Neguanje, Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona, Caribe colombiano]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-M.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yennifer]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rangel-Ch.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. Orlando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaramillo-J]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alexis]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia Instituto de Ciencias Naturales ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>46</volume>
<numero>178</numero>
<fpage>90</fpage>
<lpage>107</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0370-39082022000100090&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0370-39082022000100090&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0370-39082022000100090&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract We reconstructed changes in vegetation and climate conditions during the last 1800 years in a column of sediment 4 m deep (Playa Pozo sector, Neguanje Bay, Tayrona National Natural Park, department of Magdalena, Colombia). We characterized the main components (mineral elements, organic matter), micro-stratigraphy (types of organic matter), humidity variations (%), organic and inorganic carbon, and palynological associations (specifically pollen grains), and counted spores of fungi, algae, ferns, plant debris, and insects. The palynological associations (dominant elements) were defined and related to the current types of vegetation. The definition of the dominant groups in the palynological spectrum and their relationship with the current vegetation types was associated with the stratigraphic conditions of the sediments to detect the changes that occurred during this period. In the reconstruction of the paleoenvironments, we determined the relationship between the defined palynological associations and the stratigraphy of the sediments, the humidity (precipitation), and the covered area. For this purpose, we used the temperature calibration curves of the last 2000 years proposed by various authors. We did not recover enough palynomorphs at the base of the column between 400 and 380 cm deep (2000-1693 years BP), but organic components of marine origin predominated in the sediment, a condition associated with a warm period in the central and eastern Colombian Caribbean coastal environments. In zone I (1693-1294 years B.P.), the mangrove was consolidated and in zone II (1294-1078 years A.P.), it expanded with the vegetation of flooded areas. In zone III (1078-654 years B.P.), we detected the occurrence of the greatest mangrove development, especially by the dominant species Rhizophora mangle. In zones IV and V (654 years A.P.-present), the mangrove cover decreased. This period was less warm than the previous ones, similar to the prevailing conditions in the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta and its surroundings.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Se reconstruyeron los cambios en la vegetación y en las condiciones del clima durante los últimos 1800 años en una columna de sedimento de 4 m de profundidad (sector Playa Pozo, bahía de Neguanje, Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona, Magdalena, Colombia). Se caracterizaron los componentes principales (elementos minerales, materia orgánica), la micro-estratigrafía (clases de materia orgánica), las variaciones de humedad (%), el carbono orgánico e inorgánico y las asociaciones palinológicas (específicamente granos de polen). También se contaron esporas de hongos, algas, helechos, y restos de plantas e insectos. Se definieron las asociaciones palinológicas (elementos dominantes) y se relacionaron con los tipos actuales de vegetación. En la reconstrucción de los paleo ambientes se estableción la relación de las asociaciones palinológicas definidas y la estratigrafía de los sedimentos con la humedad (precipitación) y el área cubierta. Se utilizaron las curvas de calibración de temperatura de los últimos 2000 años propuestas por varios autores para este propósito. En la base de la columna, entre los 400 y 380 cm de profundidad (2000-1693 años A.P.) no se recuperaron suficientes palinomorfos, pero en el sedimento predominaron los componentes orgánicos de origen marino, condición que se asoció con un periodo cálido en ambientes costeros del Caribe colombiano. En la zona I (1693-1294 años A.P.) se consolidó el manglar y en la zona II (1294-1078 años A.P.) su extensión se amplió a la par con la vegetación de las zonas inundables. En la zona III (1078-654 años A.P.) se presentó el mayor desarrollo del manglar, especialmente de la especie dominante Rhizophora mangle. En las zonas IV y V (654 años A.P.-actual) disminuyó el cubrimiento del manglar y el período fue menos cálido que los anteriores, condición similar a la que prevaleció en la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta y alrededores.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mangroves]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Late Holocene]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Paleoecology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Coastal environments]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Colombian Caribbean]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[manglares]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Holoceno tardío]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[paleoecología]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ambientes costeros]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Caribe colombiano]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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