<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1657-6357</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Sociedad y Economía]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Soc. Econ.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1657-6357</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Económicas- Universidad del Valle]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1657-63572024000300003</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25100/sye.v0i53.13008</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Análisis exploratorio de la heterogeneidad del desempleo en el Departamento de Antioquia, Colombia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Exploratory Analysis of Unemployment Heterogeneity in the Department of Antioquia, Colombia]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez-Valle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[William]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres-Gorrón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[John Edwar]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-Salazar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cristian]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quintero-Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luisa Fernanda]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Antioquia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[El Carmen de Vibora ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Antioquia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Antioquia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Católica de Oriente  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Rionegro ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>53</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1657-63572024000300003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1657-63572024000300003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1657-63572024000300003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción: El mercado laboral de Antioquia muestra disparidades significativas entre sus municipios, relacionadas con ingresos, educación, infraestructura y desempleo. Este estudio analiza estas desigualdades desde una perspectiva centro-periferia, destacando al Área Metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá como el centro privilegiado frente a otras subregiones.  Objetivo: Explorar la heterogeneidad del desempleo en Antioquia y entender las disparidades del mercado laboral utilizando técnicas estadísticas avanzadas.  Metodología: Se emplearon análisis factorial múltiple (AFM) y análisis de clúster. El AFM sintetizó datos de 2019 relacionados con demografía, educación, salarios y mercado laboral de los 125 municipios del departamento, mientras que el análisis de clúster agrupó los municipios según características similares.  Resultados: El análisis factorial reveló tres dimensiones principales:    Capital humano (47,73% de la varianza), dominada por variables relacionadas con educación, acceso a internet y salarios, destacando municipios como Medellín y Envigado por sus altos índices educativos y económicos.  Configuración demográfica (11,41%), vinculada a factores como la distribución poblacional y la proporción de población afrodescendiente, donde se presentan altas tasas de desempleo.  Migración intradepartamental y vulnerabilidad social, que explican conjuntamente un 11,63% adicional, reflejando migraciones hacia centros económicos y desafíos laborales en regiones periféricas. El análisis de clústeres identificó cuatro grupos de municipios con marcadas desigualdades regionales.  Conclusiones: El estudio refleja un modelo de desarrollo concentrado en el centro del departamento, perpetuando desigualdades en las periferias. Factores como la oferta y demanda laboral desajustada y la falta de acceso a servicios esenciales, requieren estrategias inclusivas, priorizando la infraestructura, educación y empleo en las regiones más vulnerables.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction: The labor market in Antioquia exhibits significant disparities among its municipalities, linked to income, education, infrastructure, and unemployment. This study analyzes these inequalities from a center-periphery perspective, highlighting the Área Metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá as the privileged center in contrast to other subregions.  Objective: To explore the heterogeneity of unemployment in Antioquia and understand labor market disparities using advanced statistical techniques.  Methodology: Multiple Factor Analysis (MFA) and cluster analysis were employed. The MFA synthesized 2019 data related to demographics, education, wages, and labor market indicators from the department&#8217;s 125 municipalities, while cluster analysis grouped the municipalities based on similar characteristics.  Results: The factorial analysis revealed three main dimensions:    Human capital (47.73% of the variance), dominated by variables related to education, internet access, and wages, with municipalities such as Medellín and Envigado standing out for their high educational and economic indicators.  Demographic configuration (11.41%), linked to factors such as population distribution and the proportion of Afro-descendant population, where high unemployment rates are observed.  Intra-departmental migration and social vulnerability, which jointly explain an additional 11.63%, reflecting migration toward economic centers and labor challenges in peripheral regions. The cluster analysis identified four groups of municipalities with marked regional inequalities.  Conclusions: The study reflects a development model concentrated in the center of the department, perpetuating disparities in the peripheries. Factors such as mismatches between labor supply and demand, and lack of access to essential services, call for inclusive strategies that prioritize infrastructure, education, and employment in the most vulnerable regions.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[mercado de trabajo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[desempleo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[análisis factorial múltiple]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[desarrollo territorial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[desigualdad económica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[capital humano]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[vulnerabilidad social]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[desigualdad regional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[migración interna]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[labor market]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[unemployment]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[multiple factor analysis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[territorial development]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[economic inequality]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[human capital]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[social vulnerability]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[regional inequality]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[internal migration]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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