<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1657-8953</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Civilizar Ciencias Sociales y Humanas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Civilizar]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1657-8953</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Sergio Arboleda]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1657-89532021000200093</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22518/jour.ccsh/2021.2a08</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Impact of covid-19 on the performance of Central American firms: A first review]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Impacto del covid-19 en el desempeño de las empresas centroamericanas: una primera revisión]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Botello-Peñaloza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Héctor Alberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guerrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Isaac]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Industrial de Santander  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bucaramanga Santander]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>41</numero>
<fpage>93</fpage>
<lpage>104</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1657-89532021000200093&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1657-89532021000200093&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1657-89532021000200093&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The coronavirus pandemic has caused a disruption in global production chains. Therefore, it is important to examine the impact of this phenomenon on companies from different economic sectors, especially in countries with a lower response capacity to face this public health emergency. With that in mind, the objective of this work is to determine how the covid-19 pandemic has affected business performance in four Central American countries. Using longitudinal data from the World Bank business survey, a differences model was implemented in order to estimate the impact of this pandemic, considering both internal and external characteristics. According to our findings, the studied four-month impact of the pandemic was significant, with about 2% of businesses in the studied countries closing permanently and 60% temporarily. Sales and sales per employee dropped about 30%, with the situation being worse for companies that closed temporarily due to restrictions. However, the immediate response of governments through tax credits and incentives has been well geared to meeting short-term liquidity needs of firms.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La pandemia de coronavirus ha provocado alteraciones en las cadenas de producción mundiales. Por ello, resulta importante analizar el impacto de este fenómeno en las empresas de diferentes sectores económicos, especialmente en aquellos países con menor capacidad de respuesta ante la emergencia sanitaria. Así, el objetivo de este trabajo es determinar el impacto de la pandemia de covid-19 sobre el desempeño de las empresas de cuatro países centroamericanos. Mediante el uso de datos longitudinales de la encuesta empresarial del Banco Mundial, se empleó un modelo de diferencias con el fin de estimar el impacto de este fenómeno global, considerando características tanto internas como externas. Los hallazgos muestran que las consecuencias económicas durante el período analizado de la pandemia es significativo, puesto que cerca de 2 % de las empresas cerraron permanentemente y 60 % de manera temporal. Las ventas totales y las ventas por empleado cayeron alrededor de 30 %, con resultados más adversos para las firmas que cerraron temporalmente debido a las restricciones impuestas. No obstante, la respuesta inmediata de los gobiernos por medio de créditos fiscales e incentivos ha permitido satisfacer las necesidades de liquidez a corto plazo de las compañías en los países analizados.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Covid-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[firm performance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[liquidity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[firm size]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pandemic]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[economic crisis.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Covid-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[desempeño empresarial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[liquidez]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tamaño de las empresas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pandemia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[crisis económica.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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