<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1657-9534</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Colombia Médica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Colomb. Med.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1657-9534</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad del Valle]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1657-95342019000400261</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25100/cm.v50i4.4185</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Risk of infection and disease progression in children exposed to tuberculosis at home, Colombia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Riesgo de infección y progresión de la enfermedad en niños expuestos a tuberculosis en el hogar, Colombia]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benjumea-Bedoya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dione]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diana M]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robledo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jaime]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis F]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lucelly]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[del Corral]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Helena]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Beatriz E]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villegas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sonia L]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Lilia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos A]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis F]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arbeláez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María P]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Antioquia Grupo de Epidemiología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Corporación Universitaria Remington Grupo de Investigación en Salud Familiar y Comunitaria ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Antioquia Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cali ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af7">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Icesi Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cali ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af8">
<institution><![CDATA[,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin  Institute of Pathology]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Berlin ]]></addr-line>
<country>Germany</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af9">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del Cauca Grupo de Inmunología y Enfermedades Infecciosas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Popayán ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>50</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>261</fpage>
<lpage>274</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1657-95342019000400261&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1657-95342019000400261&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1657-95342019000400261&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Aim: To assess the risk of tuberculosis (infection and disease) in children less than 15 years&#8217; old who are household contacts of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in three Colombian cities (Medellín, Cali, and Popayán).  Methods: A cohort of 1,040 children household contacts of 380 adults with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis was followed up for 24 months. Study period 2005-2009.  Results: Tuberculin skin test was positive (&#8805;10 mm) in 43.7% (95% CI: 39.2-48.2). Tuberculin skin test positivity was associated with age 10-14 years (Prevalence Ratio -PR= 1.43, 95% CI: 1.1-1.9), having a BCG vaccine scar (PR= 1.52, 95% CI: 1.1-2.1), underweight, closer proximity to the index case and exposure time &gt;3 months. The annual risk of infection (tuberculin skin test induration increase of 6 mm or more per year) was 17% (95% CI: 11.8-22.2) and was associated with a bacillary load of the adult index case (Relative Risk -RR= 2.12, 95% CI: 1.0-4.3). The incidence rate of active tuberculosis was 12.4 cases per 1,000 persons-year. Children &lt;5 years without BCG vaccine scar had a greater risk of developing active disease (Hazard Ratio -HR= 6.00, 95% CI: 1.3-28.3) than those with scar (HR= 1.33, 95% CI: 0.5-3.4). The risk of developing active tuberculosis augmented along with the increase from initial tuberculin skin test (tuberculin skin test 5-9 mm HR= 8.55, 95% CI: 2.5-29.2; tuberculin skin test &#8805;10 mm HR= 8.16, 95% CI: 2.0-32.9).  Conclusions: There is a need for prompt interruption of adult-to-children tuberculosis transmission within households. Conducting proper contact investigation and offering chemoprophylaxis to infected children could reduce tuberculosis transmission.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Objetivo:  Evaluar el riesgo de tuberculosis (infección y enfermedad) en niños menores de 15 años de edad convivientes de pacientes con tuberculosis pulmonar en tres ciudades colombianas (Medellín, Cali y Popayán).  Métodos:  Se siguió durante 24 meses una cohorte de 1,040 niños convivientes de 380 adultos con tuberculosis pulmonar bacilífera. Periodo de estudio 2005-2009.  Resultados:  La prueba de tuberculina fue positiva (&#8805;10 mm) en el 43.7% (IC 95%: 39.2-48.2), y estuvo asociada con la edad de 10-14 años (Razón de Prevalencia-RP= 1.43, IC 95%: 1.1-1.9), tener cicatriz de la vacuna BCG (RP= 1.52, IC 95%: 1.1-2.1). El riesgo anual de infección (aumento de la induración en la prueba de tuberculina de 6 mm o más al año) fue 17% (IC 95%: 11.8-22.2), y estuvo asociado con mayor carga bacilar en el adulto con tuberculosis pulmonar (Riesgo Relativo-RR= 2.12, IC 95%: 1.0-4.3). La tasa de incidencia de tuberculosis activa fue de 12.4 casos por 1,000 años-persona de seguimiento. Los niños menores de 5 años sin cicatriz de vacuna BCG tuvieron un mayor riesgo de desarrollar tuberculosis activa (Razón de Peligro -HR= 6.00, IC 95%: 1.3-28.3), que quienes tenían cicatriz (HR= 1.33, IC 95%: 0.5-3.4). El riesgo de desarrollar tuberculosis activa aumentó conforme el aumento de la prueba de tuberculina inicial (prueba de tuberculina 5-9 mm HR= 8.55, IC 95%: 2.5-29.2; prueba de tuberculina &#8805;10 mm HR= 8.16, IC 95%: 2.0-32.9).  Conclusión:  Es necesario interrumpir rápidamente la transmisión de tuberculosis de adultos a niños en los hogares. Realizar investigaciones de contacto apropiadas y ofrecer quimioprofilaxis a los niños infectados podría reducir la transmisión de la tuberculosis.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Tuberculosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[latent tuberculosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[contact tracing]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[child]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Risk Factors]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Tuberculin Test]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Tuberculosis, Pulmonary]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Sputum/microbiology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Contact screening]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Case finding]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tuberculosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tuberculosis latente]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Seguimiento de contacto]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[niño]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Factores de riesgo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Prueba de tuberculina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Tuberculosis Pulmonar]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Esputo / microbiología]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Cribado de contacto]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Búsqueda de casos]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramirez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodriguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MN]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Tamaño de la muestra Versión 1.1: Epidemiología Clínica]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Panamericana]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
