<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1692-2522</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Anagramas -Rumbos y sentidos de la comunicación-]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[anagramas rumbos sentidos comun.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1692-2522</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sello Editorial - Universidad de Medellín]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1692-25222021000200223</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22395/angr.v20n39a10</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Mídia Negra e Desigualdade na Estrutura Midiática: Apontamentos sobre Brasil e Estados Unidos]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Black Media and Inequality in the Media Structure: Notes on Brazil and USA]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Medios Negros y Desigualdad en la Estructura de los Medios: Llamamientos en Brasil y Estados Unidos]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ivonete]]></surname>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF)  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>39</numero>
<fpage>223</fpage>
<lpage>242</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1692-25222021000200223&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1692-25222021000200223&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1692-25222021000200223&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a articulação entre racismo e políticas de comunicação (para promover ou restringir a diversidade racial) e o seu reflexo na organização dos sistemas midiáticos. A investigação se concentra no Brasil e Estados Unidos, países que possuem trajetórias bastante distintas na regulação e promoção da diversidade racial na comunicação. No contexto norte-americano, houve leis explícitas que limitavam o acesso dos afro-americanos às concessões, contudo ações afirmativas foram implementadas para introduzir maior pluralidade no setor. No Brasil, por outro lado, não houve limitações formais, o que, no entanto, não implicou a redução da desigualdade na estrutura midiática. Nessa investigação adota-se como metodologia a análise documental (leis e relatórios) para mapear as políticas de comunicação e a participação da mídia negra nos sistemas midiáticos, e entrevistas com proprietários da mídia negra. Como principal resultado, a pesquisa revela que as políticas de ação afirmativa para empregar profissionais negros e promover maior diversidade racial nesse campo refletem-se, ainda hoje, em um cenário mais plural nos EUA se comparado ao brasileiro. O Brasil, com 56 % da população negra, possui 10 portais de notícias e uma revista, enquanto os Estados Unidos, com 14 % de afro-americanos na sua população, somam pouco mais de 500 mídias negras. Entretanto, nos dois países estudados evidencia-se a dificuldade de promoção da diversidade racial na comunicação, seja pelo obstáculo de avançar no debate e na criação dessas políticas, como o caso brasileiro, ou pelo retrocesso e descontinuidade da política de ação afirmativa verificado nos Estados Unidos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The objective of this article is to analyze the articulation between racism, communication policies (to promote or restrict racial diversity), and their reflection in the organization of media systems. This research is focused on Brazil and the United States, countries that have different trajectories in regulating and promoting racial diversity in communication. In the American context, there were explicit laws that restricted African Americans&#8217; access to concessions, however affirmative actions were implemented to introduce greater plurality in the sector. In Brazil, on the other hand, there were no formal limitations, which, however, did not imply a reduction in inequality in the media structure. As a methodology, this investigation adopted a documentary analysis (laws and reports) to map communication policies and the participation of the black media in media systems, and interviews made with black media&#8217;s owners. As the main result, this research points out that the affirmative action policies to employ black professionals and promote greater racial diversity in this field are reflected, even today, in a more plural scenario in the USA compared to the Brazilian one. Brazil, with 56 % of the black population, has only 10 news websites and a magazine, while the United States, with 14 % of African Americans in its population, has over 500 black media. However, in the two countries studied, the difficulty of promoting racial diversity in communication is evident, either due to the obstacle of advancing the debate and the creation of these policies, such as the Brazilian case, or due to the setback and discontinuity of the affirmative action policy verified in the States United.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la articulación entre el racismo, las políticas de comunicación (para promover o restringir la diversidad racial) y su reflejo en la organización de los sistemas mediáticos. Esta investigación se centra en Brasil y Estados Unidos, países que tienen diferentes trayectorias en la regulación y promoción de la diversidad racial en la comunicación. En el contexto de los Estados Unidos, había leyes explícitas que restringían el acceso de los afroamericanos a los medios de comunicación, sin embargo, se implementaron acciones afirmativas para introducir alguna pluralidad en el sector. En Brasil, por otro lado, no había limitaciones formales, aunque esta medida no ha implicado una reducción de la desigualdad en el sistema de medios. Como metodología, esta investigación adoptó un análisis documental (leyes e informes) para mapear las políticas de comunicación y la participación de los medios negros en los sistemas de medios, y entrevistas realizadas a propietarios de medios negros. Como resultado principal, esta investigación señala que las políticas de acción afirmativa para emplear a profesionales negros y promover una mayor diversidad racial en este campo se reflejan, incluso hoy, en un escenario más plural en los Estados Unidos en comparación con el brasileño. Brasil, con el 56 % de la población negra, tiene solo 10 portales de noticias y una revista, mientras que Estados Unidos, con el 14 % de afroamericanos en su población, suma algo más de 500 medios negros. Sin embargo, en los dos países estudiados, la dificultad de promover la diversidad racial en la comunicación es evidente, ya sea por el obstáculo para avanzar en el debate y la creación de estas políticas, como el caso brasileño, o por el retroceso y discontinuidad de la política de acción afirmativa verificada en los Estados Unidos.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[controle da mídia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[política de comunicação]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[relações raciais]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[grupos raciais]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[negros]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[afro-americanos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[racismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[ações afirmativas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[media control]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[communication policy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[race relations]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[race groups]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[blacks]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[african americans]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[racism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[affirmative actions]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[control de medios]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[política de comunicación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[relaciones raciales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[grupos raciales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[negros]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[afroamericanos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[racismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[acciones afirmativas]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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