<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1692-3324</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Ingenierías Universidad de Medellín]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. ing. univ. Medellín]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1692-3324</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Medellín]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1692-33242019000200069</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22395/rium.v18n35a5</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Estado del arte: desalinización mediante tecnologías de membrana como alternativa frente al problema de escasez de agua dulce]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[State of the Art: Desalination Using Membrane Technologies as an Alternative for the Problem of Fresh Water Shortage]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Estado da arte: dessalinização por meio de tecnologias de membrana como alternativa ao problema de escassez de água doce]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grueso-Domínguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castro-Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Camilo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Correa-Ochoa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mauricio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saldamaga-Molina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Julio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Antioquia Facultad de Ingeniería ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Antioquia Facultad de Ingeniería ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Antioquia Facultad de Ingeniería ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Antioquia Facultad de Ingeniería ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>35</numero>
<fpage>69</fpage>
<lpage>89</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1692-33242019000200069&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1692-33242019000200069&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1692-33242019000200069&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Teniendo en cuenta la poca disponibilidad de agua dulce, el acelerado crecimiento de la población y la contaminación del recurso hídrico, es necesario buscar alternativas para aprovechar los recursos salobres y el agua contenida en los océanos. Numerosas investigaciones en el campo de los procesos de desalinización -entre los cuales se resalta la separación por membranas- han permitido volver potable el agua de mar en condiciones económicamente viables, sin grandes dificultades. El objetivo de este artículo es recopilar los principales avances a nivel mundial sobre los procesos de desalinización. Como resultado del análisis de la evidencia científica encontrada, se resaltan algunos desafíos a futuro que incluyen: el uso de fuentes de energía renovable en los procesos, la reducción en el uso de productos químicos, el uso de materiales innovadores para las membranas, la búsqueda de soluciones de pretratamiento más efectivos y rentables, y la disminución del costo total del agua para el consumidor.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Considering the scarce availability of fresh water, the accelerated growth of population and the contamination of water resources, it is necessary to look for alternatives to take advantage of the brackish resources and water from the oceans. Numerous investigations in the field of desalination processes -emphasizing in the separation by membranes-, have allowed the potabilization of sea water in economically viable conditions and without major problems. The objective of this article is to compile the main advances worldwide regarding desalination processes. As a result of the analysis of the scientific evidence found, some future challenges are highlighted, which include: use of renewable energy sources in the processes, reduction in the use of chemical products; use of innovative materials for membranes, the search for more effective and profitable pretreatment solutions, and reduction of the total cost of water for the consumer.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo Ao considerar a pouca disponibilidade de água doce, o acelerado crescimento da população e a contaminação do recurso hídrico, é preciso buscar alternativas para aproveitar os recursos salubres e a água contida nos oceanos. Numerosas pesquisas no campo dos processos de dessalinização -entre os quais se destaca a separação por membranas- permitiram tornar a água do mar potável em condições economicamente viáveis, sem grandes dificuldades. O objetivo deste artigo é reunir os principais avanços mundiais sobre os processos de dessalinização. Como resultado da análise da evidencia científica encontrada, destacam-se alguns dos desafios futuros, que incluem: o uso de fontes de energia renovável nos processos, a redução no uso de produtos químicos, o uso de materiais inovadores para as membranas, a busca por soluções de pré-tratamento mais efetivas e rentáveis e a diminuição do custo total da água para o consumidor.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[agua salobre]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[desalinización]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[separación por membrana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[osmosis inversa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[recursos energéticos renovables]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[brackish water]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[desalination]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[membrane separation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[reverse osmosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[renewable energy resources]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[água salubre]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[dessalinização]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[separação por membrana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[osmose inversa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[recursos energéticos renováveis]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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