<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1692-715X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Niñez y Juventud]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev.latinoam.cienc.soc.niñez juv]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1692-715X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Niñez y Juventud Cinde - Universidad de Manizales]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1692-715X2021000100176</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.11600/rlcsnj.19.1.4588</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Del alteractivismo al estallido social: acción juvenil colectiva y conectiva (2011 y 2019)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[From alteractivism to social outbreak: collective and connective youth action (2011 &amp; 2019)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Da alterativismo ao surto social: ação coletiva e conectiva da juventude (2011 e 2019)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amador-Baquiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muñoz-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Germán]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,UniMinuto  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>176</fpage>
<lpage>203</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1692-715X2021000100176&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1692-715X2021000100176&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1692-715X2021000100176&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen (analítico) En este artículo analizamos la participación de los jóvenes en los movimientos alteractivistas de 2011 y los estallidos sociales de 2019, quienes, al parecer, han sido protagonistas de nuevas formas de acción colectiva y conectiva. Desde el enfoque cualitativo de investigación y el método de análisis documental, se revisó un corpus de 61 documentos que comprenden literatura académica e información mediática sobre estos hechos. En los resultados se destacan: la redefinición ontológica y sociopolítica de la condición juvenil a partir de la acción colectiva; el tránsito de prácticas políticas antiglobalización a repertorios de acción colectiva más radicales que buscan resistir a la precariedad y la violencia; y acciones conectivas que transitan de estrategias de replicación a intercambios entre gestores de contenidos y audiencias, por medio de textos multimodales-performativos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract (analytical) In this article we analyze the participation of young people in the alteractivist movements of 2011 and the social outbreaks of 2019, who, apparently, have been protagonists of new forms of collective and connective action. From the qualitative research approach and the documentary method, we check a corpus of 61 documents about academic literature and media information. The results show: the ontological and sociopolitical redefinition of the youth condition based on collective action; the transition from anti-globalization political practices to more radical repertoires of collective action that seek to resist precariousness and violence; and connective actions that go from replication strategies to exchanges between content managers and audiences, through multimodal-performative texts.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo (analítico) Neste artigo, analisamos a participação dos jovens nos movimentos alterativistas de 2011 e os surtos sociais de 2019, que, aparentemente, foram protagonistas de novas formas de ação coletiva e conectiva. A partir da abordagem qualitativa da pesquisa e do método de análise documental, foi revisado um corpus de 61 documentos que compõem a literatura acadêmica e informações midiáticas sobre esses eventos. Destacam-se os resultados: a redefinição ontológica e sociopolítica da condição juvenil a partir da ação coletiva; a transição das práticas políticas antiglobalização para repertórios mais radicais de ação coletiva que buscam resistir à precariedade e à violência; e ações conectivas que vão desde estratégias de replicação até trocas entre gestores de conteúdo e públicos, por meio de textos multimodal-performativos.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Jóvenes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[alteractivismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[estallido social]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[acción colectiva]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[acción conectiva. Tesauro de Ciencias Sociales de la Unesco]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Youth]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[alteractivism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[social outbreak]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[collective action]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[connective action]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Juventude]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[alterativismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[surto social]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[ação coletiva]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[ação conectiva]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Achy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Substituer des emplois précaires à un chômage élevé. Les défis de l&#8217;emploi au Maghreb]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Carnegie Endowment for International Peace]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguilar-Forero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Las cuatro co de la acción colectiva juvenil: el caso del paro nacional de Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anal Político]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>98</numero>
<issue>98</issue>
<page-range>26-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguilera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Generaciones: movimientos juveniles, políticas de la identidad y disputas por la visibilidad en el Chile neoliberal]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Clacso]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amador]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muñoz-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comunicación-Educación en Abya Yala: lo popular en la reconfiguración del campo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nómadas]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<page-range>47-67</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Amnistía Internacional</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Irán: miles de personas detenidas y en peligro de tortura en escalofriante represión después de protestas]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<month>,</month>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Antebi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Plazas fuertes: de Midan Tahrir a la Plaça de Catalunya, espacio público y revueltas populares contemporáneas]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Urban-Crespo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[¡Ocupemos el mundo!]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<page-range>67-84</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Icaria Antrazyt]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bellei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabalín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chilean student movements: Sustained struggle to trans-form a market-oriented educational system]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Current Issues in Comparative Education]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>108-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bennett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Segerberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Digital media and the personalization of collective action: social technology and the organization of protests against the global economic crisis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Information, Communication &amp; Society]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>770-99</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bermúdez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Subjetividades juveniles, expresiones políticas y uso de tecnologías digitales]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Praxis y Saber]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>17</numero>
<issue>17</issue>
<page-range>155-79</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabalín-Quijada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Estudiantes conectados y movilizados: el uso de Facebook en las protestas estudiantiles en Chile]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Comunicar]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<page-range>25-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cárdenas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Inútiles y subversivos: representación transmedia de los estudiantes chilenos en redes sociales]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Romanica Olomucensia]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>173-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castells]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El poder de la identitat: l&#8217;era de la informació]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[UOC]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La Mane y el paro nacional universitario de 2011 en Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ciencia política]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>14</numero>
<issue>14</issue>
<page-range>140-93</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chomsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ocupar Wall Street: indignados en el epicentro del capitalismo mundial]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Tendencias]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<source><![CDATA[Decenas de muertos y centenares de heridos en las protestas de Irak]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<month>,</month>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[RTVE. [Video]]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Enríquez-Román]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dos experiencias americanas: Occupy Wall Street y Baltimore]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aposta. Revista de Ciencias Sociales]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>80</volume>
<page-range>129-47</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Escobar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Más allá del tercer mundo: globalización y diferencia]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Colombiano de Antropología e Historia]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández-Planells]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feixa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Figueras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[15-M En España: diferencias y similitudes en las prácticas comunicativas con los movimientos previos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Última Década]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>39</numero>
<issue>39</issue>
<page-range>115-38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galeano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Estrategias de investigación social cualitativa: el giro de la mirada]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Antioquia]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Una década de luchas estudiantiles]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cien días vistos por Cinep]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>74</volume>
<page-range>17-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hardt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Negri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Multitud]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Paidós]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ives]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Para los jóvenes de Hong Kong, protestar es «una cuestión de vida o muerte»]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<month>,</month>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[The New York Times]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Juris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reflections on #Occupy everywhere: Social media, public space, and emerging logics of aggregation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Ethnologist]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>259-79</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Juris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Razsa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Occupy, anthropology and the 2011 global uprisings]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cultural Anthropology]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>3-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Juris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pereira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feixa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La globalización alternativa y los «novísimos» movimientos sociales]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista del Centro de Investigación de la Universidad La Salle]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>37</numero>
<issue>37</issue>
<page-range>23-39</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kress]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Leeuwen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Multimodal discourse]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Bloomsbury Academic]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<source><![CDATA[Las cifras que dejó un año de estallido social en Chile]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<month>,</month>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[France 24]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lazzarato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Por una política menor: acontecimiento y política en las sociedades de control]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Traficantes de Sueños]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manetto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Las protestas en Colombia buscan redoblar la presión al Gobierno]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<month>,</month>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El País]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manetto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oquendo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torrado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Las protestas mantienen el pulso al Gobierno de Iván Duque en Colombia]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<month>,</month>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El País]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Jóvenes tras la hoguera]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<month>,</month>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El País]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mbembe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Necropolítica: seguido de Sobre el gobierno privado indirecto]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Melusina]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Melucci]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Acción colectiva, vida cotidiana y democracia]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Colegio de México]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benedicto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Las y los jóvenes como actores sociales y políticos en la sociedad global]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pensamiento Iberoamericano]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<page-range>139-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palenzuela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Participación social, juventudes y redes sociales virtuales: rutas transitadas, rutas posibles]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Última Década]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>48</numero>
<issue>48</issue>
<page-range>3-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paúl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Protestas en Chile: 4 claves para entender la furia y estallido social en el país sudamericano]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<month>,</month>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[BBC News Mundo]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paúl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Protestas en Irán: por qué es tan difícil saber qué está pasando durante la ola de manifestaciones que ha dejado más de 140 muertos]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<month>,</month>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[BBC Mundo]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-Beltrán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Las revueltas árabes de 2011: factores determinantes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Espacios Públicos]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>33</numero>
<issue>33</issue>
<page-range>35-55</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pleyers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Movimientos sociales en el siglo XXI: perspectivas y herramientas analíticas]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Clacso]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<source><![CDATA[Protestas en Líbano: 4 claves para entender las marchas sin precedentes en el país asiático (y por qué se conocen como la revolución del WhatsApp)]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<month>,</month>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[BBC News Mundo]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Tres protestas coincidieron en París y hay al menos 160 personas arrestadas]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<month>,</month>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[France 24]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sajid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Protestas en Pakistán por las medidas tomadas por India en Cachemira]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<month>,</month>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Anadolu Agency]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sampedro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La red era la plaza]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sampedro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ciber-campaña: Cauces y diques para la participación. Las elecciones generales de 2008 y su proyección tecnopolítica]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<page-range>237-40</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Complutense]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Para descolonizar el occidente: más allá del pensamiento abismal]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Clacso]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scherman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arriagada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[¿Ciudadanía digital, participación tradicional?: jóvenes, participación política y consumo de medios en Chile]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ [Ponencia]. III Congreso Latinoamericano de Opinión Pública]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc>Querétaro, México </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scherman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Correa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peña y Lillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pardo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Encuesta jóvenes, participación y medios 2019]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<month>,</month>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Vergara 240]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soengas-Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Assif]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El ciberactivismo en el proceso de cambio político y social en los países árabes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Comunicar]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<page-range>49-57</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Subirats]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Todo se mueve: acción colectiva, acción conectiva. Movimientos, partidos e instituciones]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[RES]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<page-range>123-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tarrow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Power in movement]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Á.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La importancia de los idiomas de las publicaciones científicas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Comunicar, Escuela para autores]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<month>,</month>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valdettaro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fuego-Revolución-Tecnologías]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carlón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La política de los internautas: nuevas formas de participación]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<page-range>155-72</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[La Crujía]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valenzuela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El futuro ya fue: juventud, educación y cultura]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anales de la Educación Común]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>1-2</numero>
<issue>1-2</issue>
<page-range>1-38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valenzuela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Juvenicidio: Ayotzinapa y las vidas precarias en América Latina y España]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[NED]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vasilachis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Estrategias de investigación cualitativa]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Gedisa]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villanueva-Mansilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Acción conectiva, acción colectiva y medios digitales: posibilidades para la comunicación política en los tiempos de Internet]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Contratexto]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<page-range>57-76</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vissers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stolle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Internet and new modes of political participation: Online versus offline participation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Information, Communication &amp; Society]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>937-55</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zibechi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[América Latina: contrainsurgencia y pobreza]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Desde Abajo]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
