<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1692-7273</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Ciencias de la Salud]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Cienc. Salud]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1692-7273</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Universidad del Rosario]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1692-72732018000400008</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/revsalud/a.6840.</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Observational Methods for Assessing Ergonomic Risks for Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders. A Scoping Review]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Métodos observacionales para evaluar los riesgos ergonómicos de los Desórdenes Músculo esqueléticos relacionados con el trabajo: revisión del alcance]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Métodos observacionais para avaliar os riscos ergonômicos das Desordens Musculoesqueléticas relacionados com o trabalho: revisão do alcance]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andreas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Grooten-Wilhelmus Johannes]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johanssons]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elin]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Karolinska Insitutet Department of Neurobiology ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Gàvle Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>spe</numero>
<fpage>8</fpage>
<lpage>38</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1692-72732018000400008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1692-72732018000400008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1692-72732018000400008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction:  Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDS) are one of the most common causes of absence from work. Exposures in the work environment can cause or aggravate the impact of these musculoskeletal disorders and the identification of ergonomic exposures are essential in risk assessment. It is important to assess all three key indicators of these exposures (intensity, frequency and duration) for being able to estimate the risk level for the development of WRMSDS.  Aim:  This paper aims to give an overview of some of the observational methods that can be used for assessment of ergonomic risks at the workplace.  Methods:  This study was conducted as a scoping review of the medical and ergonomic literature and official governmental webpages in Sweden, U.S.A. and the Netherlands.  Results:  In total, 19 different observational methods were identified. We summarize our findings based on the body parts that were studied and what key indicators were assessed: 1) intensity of the work load (posture and force production), 2) frequency of the work load (e.g. repetitive movements), and 3) the duration of the work load (e.g. static work). In an appendix we include a brief presentation of these methods together with the work sheet (if available) and the source reference of the observational method.  Conclusion:  For ergonomists that perform risk assessments, there is a large number of observational assessment tools available and it is important to understand that different methods can be used simultaneously to be able to estimate the objective risk levels for WRMSDS.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción:  Los desórdenes músculo-esqueléticos relacionados con el trabajo (DME) son una de las causas más comunes de la ausencia laboral. Las exposiciones en el entorno de trabajo pueden causar o agravar el impacto de estos desórdenes músculo-esqueléticos y la identificación de exposiciones ergonómicas es esencial en la evaluación de riesgos. Es importante evaluar los tres indicadores clave de estas exposiciones (intensidad, frecuencia y duración) para poder estimar el nivel de riesgo para el desarrollo de DME.  Objetivo:  Este artículo tiene como objetivo proporcionar una visión general de algunos de los métodos de observación que se pueden utilizar para evaluar los riesgos ergonómicos en el lugar de trabajo.  Métodos:  Este estudio se realizó como una revisión del alcance de la literatura médica y ergonómica y de las páginas web gubernamentales oficiales en Suecia, EE. UU. Y los Países Bajos.  Resultados:  En total, se identificaron 19 métodos de observación diferentes. Resumimos nuestros hallazgos en función de las partes del cuerpo que se estudiaron y los indicadores clave evaluados: 1) la intensidad de la carga de trabajo (postura y producción de fuerza), 2) la frecuencia de la carga de trabajo (por ejemplo, movimientos repetitivos) y 3) la duración de la carga de trabajo (por ejemplo, trabajo estático). En un apéndice incluimos una breve presentación de estos métodos junto con la hoja de trabajo (si estaba disponible) y la fuente de referencia del método de observación.  Conclusión:  Para los ergónomos que realizan evaluaciones de riesgo hay una gran cantidad de herramientas de evaluación observacional disponibles y es importante comprender que se pueden usar diferentes métodos simultáneamente para poder estimar los niveles de riesgo objetivo para DME.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo  Introdução:  As desordens musculoesqueléticas relacionadas com o trabalho (DME) são uma das causas mais comuns da ausência do trabalho. As exposições no entorno de trabalho podem causar ou agravar o impacto destas desordens musculoesqueléticas e a identificação de exposições ergonómicas são essenciais na avaliação de riscos. É importante avaliar os três indicadores chave destas exposições (intensidade, frequência e duração) para poder estimar o nível de risco para o desenvolvimento de DME.  Objetivo:  Este artigo tem como objetivo proporcionar uma visão geral de alguns dos métodos de observação que se podem utilizar para avaliar os riscos ergonômicos no lugar de trabalho. Métodos: este estudo se realizou como uma revisão do alcance da literatura médica e ergonômica e dos sites governamentais oficiais na Suécia, nos Estados Unidos e nos Países Baixos.  Resultados:  Em total, identificaram-se 19 métodos de observação diferentes. Resumimos os nossos achados em função das partes do corpo que se estudaram e os indicadores chave avaliados: 1) a intensidade da carga de trabalho (postura e produção de força), 2) a frequência da carga de trabalho (por exemplo, movimentos repetitivos) e 3) a duração da carga de trabalho (por exemplo, trabalho estático). Em um anexo incluímos uma breve apresentação destes métodos junto à folha de trabalho (se estava disponível) e a fonte de referência do método de observação.  Conclusão:  Para os ergonomistas que realizam avaliações de risco, há uma grande quantidade de ferramentas de avaliação observacional disponíveis e é importante compreender que podem-se usar diferentes métodos simultaneamente para poder estimar os níveis de risco objetivo para DME.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[assessment]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ergonomics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[musculoskeletal disorders]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[observational methods]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[risk]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[evaluación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ergonomía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[desórdenes músculo-esqueléticos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[métodos de observación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[riesgo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[qavaliação]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[ergonomia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[desordens musculoesqueléticas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[métodos de observação]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[risco]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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