<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1794-3108</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Criminalidad]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Crim.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1794-3108</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Policía Nacional de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1794-31082023000300097</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47741/17943108.514</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Impacto de la pandemia y las medidas de confinamiento sobre la violencia letal contra las mujeres en México y Colombia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Impact of the pandemic and confinement measures on lethal violence against women in Mexico and Colombia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Impacto da pandemia e das medidas de confinamento na violência letal contra as mulheres no México e na Colômbia]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nateras González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Martha Elisa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valencia Londoño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paula Andrea]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Toluca ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Medellín  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>65</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>97</fpage>
<lpage>119</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1794-31082023000300097&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1794-31082023000300097&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1794-31082023000300097&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La emergencia sanitaria ocasionada por la pandemia del virus SARS-CoV-2 produjo limitaciones y cambios en la movilidad que transformaron el comportamiento, tanto de la sociedad en general como de los actores criminales en particular, impactando en los índices delictivos. Esto llevó a pensar a algunos analistas en la posibilidad de un &#8220;efecto rebote en el delito&#8221;, luego de terminar el resguardo derivado de la pandemia. El objetivo de este artículo es revisar el impacto de la pandemia y sus medidas de confinamiento sobre la violencia letal contra las mujeres en México y Colombia. Para ello, a través de un ejercicio de estadística descriptiva, se analiza la tendencia del comportamiento del homicidio en ambos países desagregado por género, focalizando el análisis en 2019, 2020 y 2021, años considerados como periodos pre pandemia, pandemia y pos pandemia. Los hallazgos demuestran la falta de evidencia de un aumento significativo en los delitos de homicidio, homicidios de mujeres y feminicidios en relación con el periodo pre pandemia. Los homicidios de mujeres y los feminicidios dan cuenta de una continuidad en la cadena de violencias que reciben las mujeres a lo largo de su vida.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The health emergency caused by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic led to limitations and changes in mobility that transformed the behaviour of both society in general and criminal actors in particular, having an impact on crime rates. This led some analysts to consider the possibility of a &#8220;rebound effect on crime&#8221; after the end of the pandemic&#8217;s safe haven. The aim of this article is to review the impact of the pandemic and its confinement measures on lethal violence against women in Mexico and Colombia. To do so, by means of a descriptive statistical exercise, we analyse the trend in homicide behaviour in both countries disaggregated by gender, focusing the analysis on 2019, 2020 and 2021, years considered as pre-pandemic, pandemic and post-pandemic periods. The findings demonstrate the lack of evidence of a significantincrease in homicide, female homicide and femicide offences relative to the pre-pandemic period. Homicides of women and femicides show a continuity in the chain of violence against women throughout their lives.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo A emergência de saúde causada pela pandemia de SARS-CoV-2 levou a limitações e mudanças na mobilidade que transformaram o comportamento da sociedade em geral e dos atores criminais em particular, com um impacto nas taxas de criminalidade. Isso levou alguns analistas a considerar a possibilidade de um &#8220;efeito rebote no crime&#8221; após o fim do refúgio seguro da pandemia. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o impacto da pandemia e suas medidas de confinamento sobre a violência letal contra as mulheres no México e na Colômbia. Para isso, por meio de um exercício de estatística descritiva, analisamos a tendência do comportamento dos homicídios em ambos os países desagregados por gênero, concentrando a análise em 2019, 2020 e 2021, anos considerados como períodos pré-pandêmico, pandêmico e pós- pandêmico. Os resultados demonstram a falta de evidências de um aumento significativo nos crimes de homicídio, homicídio feminino e feminicídio em relação ao período pré-pandêmico. Os homicídios de mulheres e os feminicídios mostram uma continuidade na cadeia de violência contra as mulheres ao longo de suas vidas.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Violencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[crimen]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[violencia de género]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pandemia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Feminicidio]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Covid-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Violence]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[crime]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[gender-based violence]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pandemic]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[femicide]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Covid- 9]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Violência]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[crime]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[violência baseada em gênero]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[pandemia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[femicide]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Covid-19]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aebi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Molnar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baquerizas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Against All Odds, Femicide Did Not Increase During the First Year of the Covid-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Six Spanish-Speaking Countries]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>615-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Asociación La Sur</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Feminicidio.]]></source>
<year>s. f</year>
<month>.</month>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Criminological theories: Introduction and evaluation]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<edition>2nd ed</edition>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Roxbury Publishing]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Norza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perez-Vincent]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tobón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vanegas-Arias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Evolución de la seguridad ciudadana en Colombia en tiempos del Covid-19]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Banco Interamericano del Desarrollo]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anderson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bushman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Human Aggression]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annual Review of Psychology]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<page-range>27-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Balmori]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoehn-Velasco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silverio-Murillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Druglords don&#8217;t stay at home: Covid-19 pandemic and crime patterns in Mexico City]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of criminal justice]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<numero>72</numero>
<issue>72</issue>
<page-range>101745</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Balmori]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoehn-Velasco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silverio-Murillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The U-shaped crime recovery during Covid-19: evidence from national crime rates in Mexico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Crime Science]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gallupe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Has Covid-19 changed crime? Crime rates in the United States during the pandemic]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Journal of Criminal Justice]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>537-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buil-Gil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zeng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kemp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Offline crime bounces back to pre-COVID levels, cyber stays high: interrupted time-series analysis in Northern Ireland]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Crime Science]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Butler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Capitalism Has Its Limits. Verso]]></source>
<year>5/03</year>
<month>/2</month>
<day>02</day>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos - CIDH</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Sentencia caso González y otras (&#8220;Campo Algodonero&#8221;) vs. México]]></source>
<year>16/1</year>
<month>1/</month>
<day>20</day>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heide]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beauregard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[What propels sexual murderers: a proposed integrated theory of social learning and routine activities theories]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>228-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cohen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Felson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Social Change and Crime Rate Trends: A Routine Activity Approach]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Sociological Review]]></source>
<year>1979</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>588-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Collins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Violence: A micro-sociological theory]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Princeton University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Crabbé]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Decoene]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vertommen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Profiling homicide offenders: A review of assumptions and theories]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aggression and Violent Behavior]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<page-range>88-106</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Echeburúa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Perfil psicopatológico e intervención terapéutica con los agresores contra la pareja]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista española de medicina legal]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>117-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Estévez-Soto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Crime and Covid-19: effect of changes in routine activities in Mexico City]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Crime Science]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Felson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Routine activity effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on burglary in Detroit, March, 2020]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Crime Science]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fuller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La perspectiva de género y la criminología: una relación prolífica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Tabula Rasa]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>97-110</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Glenn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raine]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Psychopathy and instrumental aggression: Evolutionary, neurobiological, and legal perspectives]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Law and Psychiatry]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<page-range>253-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Violencia de género en tiempos de Covid-19]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CIDE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heidensohn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Women and Crime]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Horning]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salfati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Crawford]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prior Crime Specialization and Its Relationship to Homicide Crime Scene Behavior Type]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Homicide Studies]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>377-99</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huertas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Feminicidio en Colombia: reconocimiento de fenómeno social a delito]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pensamiento Americano]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>16</numero>
<issue>16</issue>
<page-range>110-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iesue]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Casanova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piquero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Domestic violence during a global pandemic: Lockdown policies and their impacts across Guatemala]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>589-614</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (INEGI)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Datos abiertos. Defunciones por homicidio]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Joas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Guerra y modernidad: estudios sobre la historia de la violencia en el siglo XX. Paidós]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krishnakumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Understanding domestic violence in India during Covid-19: A routine activity approach]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Asian Journal of Criminology]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>19-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lagarde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Del femicidio al feminicidio]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Desde el Jardín de Freud]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>216-25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monárrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Violencia de género. Palabras clave para el análisis de la violencia comunitaria en el feminicidio chihuahuense. En Sanmartín Esplugues et al., Reflexiones sobre la violencia]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Siglo XXI e Instituto Reina Sofía]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nateras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Aproximación teórica para entender la violencia desde un enfoque crítico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Telos,]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>305-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Norza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ibáñez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Criminodinámica en la seguridad ciudadana durante el contexto Covid-19. Boletín De política, 328. Departamento de Ciencia Política, Universidad de los Andes]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piquero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jennings]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jemison]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaukinen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Knaul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Domestic violence during the Covid-19 pandemic-Evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Criminal Justice]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>74</volume>
<page-range>101806</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piquero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riddell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bishopp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Narvey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piquero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Staying home, staying safe? A short-term analysis of Covid-19 on Dallas domestic violence]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Journal of Criminal Justice: AJCJ]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>601-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Radford]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Russell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Feminicidio. La política del asesinato de las mujeres (vol. 8). UNAM. Relatora Especial sobre la violencia contra la mujer, sus causas y consecuencias.]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Ohchr</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Informe de la Relatora Especial sobre la violencia contra la mujer, sus causas y sus consecuencias, Rashida Manjoo]]></source>
<year>s.f.</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salfati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bateman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An Examination of Behavioral Consistency Using Individual Behaviors or Groups of Behaviors in serial Homicide]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Behavioral Sciences and the Law]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<page-range>527-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salfati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haratsis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Greek Homicide. A Behavioral Examination of Offender Crime-Scene Actions. Homicide Studies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[An Interdisciplinary &amp; International Journal]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>335-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salfati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bateman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Serial Homicide: An Investigation of Behavioral Consistency]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<page-range>121-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Secretariado Ejecutivo del Sistema Nacional de Seguridad Pública</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Datos abiertos de incidencia delictiva]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>SIEDCO</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Estadística delictiva]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Policía Nacional de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tilly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The politics of collective violence]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trojan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krull]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Variations in Wounding by Relationship Intimacy in Homicide Cases]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Interpersonal Violence]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>14</numero>
<issue>14</issue>
<page-range>2869-88</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valencia-Londoño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nateras-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Violencia en contra de las mujeres como discriminación en contextos de violencia criminal: el caso del feminicidio en Medellín y el Estado de México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Criminalidad]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>62</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>59-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valencia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nateras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bruno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The exacerbation of violence against women as a form of discrimination in the period of the Covid-19 pandemic]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Heliyon]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valencia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nateras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pacheco]]></surname>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Determinantes de género en la inseguridad objetiva y subjetiva: los casos de México y Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Política Criminal]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<numero>18</numero>
<issue>18</issue>
<page-range>35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ibáñez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Norza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duarte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patiño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chamorro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Criminalidad en contexto Covid año 2020 y aproximación de una propuesta en neurocriminología]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Criminalidad]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>9-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ibáñez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Norza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Casilimas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Enfoque de policía proactiva en los cambios recientes del crimen durante el escenario de pandemia del Covid-19]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Criminalidad]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>64</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>95-108</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weinshenker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Siegel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bimodal classification of aggression: affective defense and predatory attack]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aggression and Violent Behavior]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>237-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wieviorka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La violencia: destrucción y constitución del sujeto]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Espacio Abierto]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MacMillan. Hoehn-Velasco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silverio-Murillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Balmoride la Miyar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The great crime recovery: Crimes against women during, and after, the Covid-19 lockdown in Mexico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Economics &amp; Human Biology]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<page-range>100991</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
