<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1794-3108</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Criminalidad]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Crim.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1794-3108</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Policía Nacional de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1794-31082025000100079</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47741/17943108.640</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Integración regional criminal: aproximación a la relación entre el Cartel de Jalisco Nueva Generación y el Clan del Golfo]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Regional criminal integration: approaching the relationship between the Jalisco Cartel New Generation and the Clan del Golfo]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Integração criminal regional: uma abordagem da relação entre o Cártel de Jalisco Nueva Generación e o Clan del Golfo]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Niño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[César]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pinto-Quijano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ángela Cristina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de La Salle  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de La Salle  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>67</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>79</fpage>
<lpage>95</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1794-31082025000100079&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1794-31082025000100079&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1794-31082025000100079&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Este artículo presenta un análisis sobre la integración regional desde los criminales en América Latina, particularmente entre el Cartel de Jalisco Nueva Generación de México y el Clan del Golfo de Colombia. Aunque los Estados de la región producen políticas de seguridad altamente militarizadas por las dinámicas internas, estos se encuentran desintegrados en materia de seguridad regional. A la inversa, los grupos criminales latinoamericanos que producen inseguridad y violencia están más articulados, y ello favorece que su integración sea más próspera que la de los Estados. Con base en un estudio de caso centrado en los grupos criminales mencionados entre 2016 y 2024, y sustentado en una revisión de literatura, este trabajo busca explicar las dinámicas de integración criminal entre ambos grupos en la región, utilizando un marco analítico compuesto por siete características. La investigación adoptó una metodología cualitativa con un enfoque analítico, apoyada en el uso de la herramienta de análisis de datos MAXQDA. El análisis sugiere que en América Latina la integración regional es más robusta entre actores criminales que entre Estados. Lo anterior debido a tres elementos: los costos de transacción de los criminales son más bajos que los de los Estados, los Estados de la región son celosos en su noción ortodoxa de soberanía y, finalmente, los actores irregulares aprovechan las fallas sistémicas del orden regional. Se identifican dinámicas que emulan la política exterior de los Estados en grupos criminales, así como mecanismos de integración regional criminal para lograr intereses particulares. De esta manera, se trata de un trabajo pionero que pretende poner en la agenda académica de los estudios del sur global el concepto de integración criminal regional como uno los desafíos de la seguridad internacional que va más allá de las formas clásicas, como las armas de destrucción masiva, los misiles, las guerras civiles o, incluso, los problemas medioambientales.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This article presents an analysis of regional integration by criminals in Latin America, particularly between Mexico&#8217;s Jalisco Cartel - New Generation (CJNG) and Colombia&#8217;s Clan del Golfo. Although states in the region produce highly militarised security policies due to internal dynamics, they are disintegrated in terms of regional security. Conversely, Latin American criminal groups that produce insecurity and violence are more articulated, and this makes their integration more prosperous than that of the states. Based on a case study focusing on the aforementioned criminal groups between 2016 and 2024, and supported by a literature review, this paper seeks to explain the dynamics of criminal integration between the two groups in the region, using an analytical framework composed of seven characteristics. The research adopted a qualitative methodology with an analytical approach, supported by the use of the MAXQDA data analysis tool. The analysis suggests that in Latin America regional integration is more robust between criminal actors than between states. This is due to three elements: the transaction costs of criminals are lower than those of the states, the region&#8217;s states are zealous in their orthodox notion of sovereignty and, finally, irregular actors take advantage of the systemic failures of the regional order. Dynamics are identified that emulate the foreign policy of the states in criminal groups, as well as mechanisms of regional criminal integration to achieve particular interests. In this way, this is a pioneering work that aims to put the concept of regional criminal integration on the academic agenda of global south studies as one of the challenges of international security that goes beyond classical forms, such as weapons of mass destruction, missiles, civil wars or even environmental problems.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo Este artigo apresenta uma análise da integração regional por criminosos na América Latina, particularmente entre o Cártel de Jalisco Nueva Generación e o Clan del Golfo da Colômbia. Embora os estados da região produzam políticas de segurança altamente militarizadas devido à dinâmica interna, eles estão desintegrados em termos de segurança regional. Além disso, os grupos criminosos latino-americanos que produzem insegurança e violência são mais articulados, o que torna sua integração mais próspera do que a dos estados. Com base em um estudo de caso com foco nos grupos criminosos mencionados entre 2016 e 2024 e com o apoio de uma revisão da literatura, este artigo procura explicar a dinâmica da integração criminal entre os dois grupos na região, utilizando uma estrutura analítica composta por sete características. A pesquisa adotou uma metodologia qualitativa com uma abordagem analítica, apoiada pelo uso da ferramenta de análise de dados MAXQDA. A análise sugere que, na América Latina, a integração regional é mais robusta entre os agentes criminosos do que entre os estados. Isso se deve a três elementos: os custos de transação dos criminosos são menores do que os dos estados; os estados da região são zelosos em sua noção ortodoxa de soberania e, por fim, os atores irregulares se aproveitam das falhas sistêmicas da ordem regional. São identificadas dinâmicas que emulam a política externa dos estados em grupos criminosos, bem como mecanismos de integração criminal regional para atingir interesses particulares. Dessa forma, trata-se de um trabalho pioneiro que temo objetivo de colocar o conceito de integração criminal regional na agenda acadêmica dos estudos do Sul global como um dos desafios da segurança internacional que vai além das formas clássicas, como armas de destruição em massa, mísseis, guerras civis ou mesmo problemas ambientais.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Integración regional criminal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Clan del Golfo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Cartel Jalisco Nueva Generación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[América Latina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Regional criminal integration]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Clan del Golfo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Jalisco Cartel - New Generation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Latin America]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Integração criminal regional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Clan del Golfo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Cártel de Jalisco Nueva Generación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[América Latina]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abbott]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Faude]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hybrid institutional complexes in global governance]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Review of International Organizations]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>263-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agnew]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Rational choice theory. En P. Taylor, K. Corteen y S. Morley (eds.), A companion to criminal justice, mental health and risk: Companions in criminology and criminal justice]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Policy Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alda Mejías]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Neopatrimonialismo y gobernanza criminal en América Latina]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Científica General José María Córdova]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>43</numero>
<issue>43</issue>
<page-range>667-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Criminal enterprises and governance in Latin America and the Caribbean]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Así operan en Colombia al menos cuatro carteles mexicanos, los mayores compradores de cocaína del país.</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Infobae]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Badillo Sarmiento]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trejos Rosero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Las Autodefensas Gaitanistas de Colombia como grupo armado politizado: Un nuevo paradigma del crimen organizado]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Científica General José María Córdova]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>42</numero>
<issue>42</issue>
<page-range>326-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Balassa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Teoría de la integración económica]]></source>
<year>1964</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Uteha]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Banton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Rational choice theories]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Behavioral Scientist]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>478-97</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barbé]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El equilibrio del poder en la teoría de las relaciones Internacionales]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista CIDOB d&#8217;afers internacionals]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<page-range>5-17</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barreda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La calidad de la democracia: Un análisis comparado de América Latina]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Política y Gobierno]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>265-95</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bowersox]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Does human trafficking extend conflict duration?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Human Trafficking]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>267-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brown]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hermann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sovereignty]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Transnational crime and black spots]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bulmer-Thomas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Regional integration in Latin America and the Caribbean]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bulletin of Latin American Research]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>360-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burgess]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Federalism and European Union: The Building of Europe, 1950-2000]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Cartel de Jalisco Nueva Generación (CJNG)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[InSightCrime]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Cártel del Golfo y CJNG: La infame alianza que amenaza con una guerra en Tamaulipas. Infobae.</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Infobae]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chomczy&#324;ski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Azaola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Beyond money, power, and masculinity: Toward an analytical perspective on recruitment to Mexican drug trafficking organizations]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Sociology]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>353-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Comini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El origen del Consejo de Defensa Suramericano: Modelos en pugna desde una perspectiva argentina]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Estudios en Seguridad Internacional]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>109-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Córdova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Advierten intentos de instalación de carteles de droga mexicanos en Chile]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[La Nación]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Deaza Ávila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pinto-Quijano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castiblanco- Moreno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tratado de libre comercio Colombia-Triángulo del Norte: Un ejemplo de desarrollo comercial sur-sur]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Suma de Negocios]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>27</numero>
<issue>27</issue>
<page-range>136-48</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Deutsch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Political community and the North Atlantic Area: International organization in the light of historical experience]]></source>
<year>1957</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Princeton University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Richmond]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Blockages to peace formation in Latin America: The role of criminal governance]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>161-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Global Organized Crime Index.</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Colombia]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez Sanín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[¿Un nuevo ciclo de la guerra en Colombia?]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Debate]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The uniting of Europe and the uniting of Latin America]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Common Market Studies]]></source>
<year>1967</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>315-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hudson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Foreign policy analysis: Actor- specific theory and the ground of international relations]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Foreign Policy Analysis]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hurrell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Security in Latin America]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Affairs]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>74</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>529-46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jervis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Perception and misperception in international politics: New edition]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Princeton University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leal Buitrago]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Surgimiento, auge y crisis de la doctrina de seguridad nacional en América Latina y Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Análisis Político]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>6-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leal Buitrago]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La Doctrina de Seguridad Nacional: Materialización de la Guerra Fría en América del Sur]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Estudios Sociales]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>15</numero>
<issue>15</issue>
<page-range>74-87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lessing]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Conceptualizing criminal governance]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Perspectives on Politics]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>854-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Los Gaitanistas - Clan del Golfo.</collab>
<source><![CDATA[InSightCrime]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Los tentáculos del temible cartel de Jalisco en Colombia.</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Semana]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Malamud]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Conceptos, teorías y debates sobre la integración regional]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Norteamérica]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>219-49</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maldonado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanahuja]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La inseguridad ciudadana y los riesgos para la democracia en América Latina]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Análisis Carolina]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mantilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cajiao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tobo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El Clan del Golfo sin Otoniel: ¿Qué cambia y qué continúa?]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fundación Ideas para la Paz]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mattli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The logic of regional integration: Europe and beyond]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Ministerio de Defensa Nacional.</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Directiva 15. Caracterización y enfrentamiento a los grupos armados organizados]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miranda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Cuál es el poder de los narcos mexicanos en Colombia]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[BBC News Mundo]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mitrany]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[A working peace system: An argument for the functional development of international organization. En M. Eilstrup-Sangiovanni (ed.), Debates on European Integration]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<page-range>43-67</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Palgrave]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monroy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Carteles mexicanos fortalecen con dinero y armas a grupos colombianos]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Economista]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morales Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pinto-Quijano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas Mora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vásquez Merchán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La política antidrogas Ruta Futuro: Una perspectiva desde el análisis de contenido y la minería de textos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Análisis Político]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>103</numero>
<issue>103</issue>
<page-range>111-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moravcsik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The choice for Europe: Social purpose and state power from Messina to Maastricht]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muggah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El auge de la seguridad ciudadana en América Latina y el Caribe. International Development Policy/Revue internationale de politique de développement]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Müller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Doing discourse analysis in critical geopolitics. L&#8217;Espace Politique]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revue en ligne de géographie politique et de géopolitique]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>12</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Müller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Governing crime and violence in Latin America]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Global Crime]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>3-4</numero>
<issue>3-4</issue>
<page-range>171-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nelsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stubb]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. C. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The European Union: Readings on the theory and practice of European integration]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Rienner]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nicoli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Neofunctionalism revisited: Integration theory and varieties of outcomes in the Eurocrisis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of European Integration]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>897-916</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Niño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Aproximaciones a las realidades de seguridad en el sur global desde América Latina: Una agenda crítica en construcción]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Oasis: Observatorio de Análisis de los Sistemas Internacionales]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<page-range>95-107</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Niño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El orden criminal en Latinoamérica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Foreign Affairs Latinoamérica]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<page-range>2-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Niño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaramillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Una aproximación geopolítica a la política binacional de seguridad fronteriza entre Colombia y Panamá]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Opera]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<page-range>81-96</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Niño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guerrero-Sierra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wilches]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Shared Sovereignties and Criminal Governances in the Context of the Pandemic in Colombia]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Trends in Organized Crime]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Niño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guerrero-Sierra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivas Otero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Soberanías compartidas, gobernanza criminales y desafíos al modelo de Estado en Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Científica General José María Córdova]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>44</numero>
<issue>44</issue>
<page-range>886-906</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nussio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Howe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[When protection collapses: Post-demobilization trajectories of violence]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Terrorism and Political Violence]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>848-67</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pereda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Décary-Hetu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Illegal market governance and organized crime groups&#8217; resilience: A study of the Sinaloa cartel]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The British Journal of Criminology]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>64</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>326-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pinto-Quijano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Á. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castiblanco-Moreno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández-Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Liderazgo social como sentencia de muerte: El posacuerdo en Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Perfiles Latinoamericanos]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>60</numero>
<issue>60</issue>
<page-range>1-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pollack]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[International relations theory and European integration]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>221-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rees]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The theory of sovereignty restated]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Mind]]></source>
<year>1950</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<numero>236</numero>
<issue>236</issue>
<page-range>495-521</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ríos Monroy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Así funciona el entramado criminal del Clan del Golfo en Montes de María]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Espectador]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ripsman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taliaferro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lobell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Neoclassical realist theory of international politics]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas Aravena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[América Latina y los desafíos para la integración regional. En M. Mesa (coord.), Escenarios de crisis: Fracturas y pugnas en el sistema internacional]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<page-range>105-25</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Icaria]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B62">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rose]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Neoclassical realism and theories of foreign policy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World Politics]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>144-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B63">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saavedra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Efecto de los carteles mexicanos en grupos armados colombiano]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Pares]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B64">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salas Salazar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wolff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Camelo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Towards violent peace? Territorial dynamics of violence in Tumaco (Colombia) before and after the demobilisation of the FARC-EP]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Conflict, Security &amp; Development]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>497-520</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B65">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Samaratunga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. H. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weerasinghe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Economic integration: A review of the concept]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Management Science]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>1-2</numero>
<issue>1-2</issue>
<page-range>168-96</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B66">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sampó]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jenne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ruling violently: The exercise of criminal governance by the Mexican Cartel Jalisco Nueva Generación (CJNG)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Científica General José María Córdova]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>43</numero>
<issue>43</issue>
<page-range>647-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B67">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La política exterior de Santos: Estrategia y diplomacia por la paz]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Oasis]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<page-range>81-104</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B68">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schimmelfennig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Regional integration theory]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B69">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schmitter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Three neo-functional hypotheses about international integration]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Organization]]></source>
<year>1969</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>161-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B70">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schmitter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Neofunctionalism. En T. Diez y A. Wiener (eds.), European integration theory]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<page-range>43-63</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B71">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Sin las FARC, el narcotráfico tiene más acento mexicano.</collab>
<source><![CDATA[La Silla Vacía]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B72">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Souza Pimenta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. C. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García Suárez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hybrid governance as a dynamic hub for violent non-state actors: Examining the case of Rio de Janeiro]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>64</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B73">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tilly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[War making and state making as organized crime. En E. Castañeda y C. Schneider (eds.), Collective violence, contentious politics, and social change: A Charles Tilly reader]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<page-range>121-39</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
