<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1794-3108</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Criminalidad]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Crim.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1794-3108</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Policía Nacional de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1794-31082025000100147</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47741/17943108.648</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Minería ilegal en Río Quito: actores, soberanía y narrativas de legitimación en el corazón del departamento de Chocó]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Illegal mining in Río Quito: actors, sovereignty and narratives of legitimisation in the heart of Chocó]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Mineração ilegal no Río Quito: atores, soberania e narrativas de legitimação no coração de Chocó]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández-Osorio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrés Eduardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Páez Murillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos Augusto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Isaza Quebrada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge Alonso]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baracaldo Sierra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sandra Milena]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Militar Nueva Granada  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá D.C ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Militar Nueva Granada  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá D.C. ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Militar Nueva Granada  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá D.C. ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Escuela Militar de Cadetes General José María Córdova  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá D.C ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>67</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>147</fpage>
<lpage>165</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1794-31082025000100147&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1794-31082025000100147&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1794-31082025000100147&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Este artículo explora las complejas relaciones entre el Estado, la sociedad civil y los grupos armados ilegales, en el contexto de la minería ilegal de oro en Río Quito, Chocó, de 2016 a 2024. A través de un análisis cualitativo de fuentes documentales académicas y mediáticas, así como de medios de comunicación y entrevistas, se reconstruyó la evolución de este fenómeno y se identificaron los principales actores involucrados. Con ello, se busca caracterizar el espacio físico, la comunidad, los grupos al margen de la ley y la Brigada Contra la Explotación Ilícita de Yacimientos Mineros del Ejército Nacional de Colombia (BRCMI). Los resultados muestran que la explotación de los recursos naturales se ha convertido en una fuente de conflicto y violencia y que los grupos armados han utilizado la minería ilegal como una estrategia para consolidar su poder y control del territorio. Se concluye que, para abordar esta problemática de manera efectiva, se requiere una intervención integral que combine acciones de seguridad, desarrollo y fortalecimiento institucional.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This article explores the complex relationships between the state, civil society and illegal armed groups in the context of illegal gold mining in Río Quito, Chocó, from 2016 to 2024. Through a qualitative analysis of academic and media documentary sources, as well as media and interviews, the evolution of this phenomenon was reconstructed and the main actors involved were identified. The aim is to characterise the physical space, the community, the illegal armed groups and the Brigade Against the Illegal Exploitation of Mining Deposits of the Colombian National Army (BRCMI). The results show that the exploitation of natural resources has become a source of conflict and violence and that armed groups have used illegal mining as a strategy to consolidate their power and control of the territory. It concludes that, in order to address this problem effectively, a comprehensive intervention combining security, development and institutional strengthening is required.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo Este artigo explora as complexas relações entre o Estado, a sociedade civil e os grupos armados ilegais no contexto da mineração ilegal de ouro em Río Quito, Chocó, Colômbia, de 2016 a 2024. Por meio de uma análise qualitativa de fontes documentais acadêmicas, da mídia e de entrevistas, a evolução desse fenômeno foi reconstruída e os principais atores envolvidos foram identificados. O objetivo é caracterizar o espaço físico, a comunidade, os grupos armados ilegais e a Brigada contra a Exploração Ilegal de Depósitos Minerais do Exército Nacional da Colômbia. Os resultados indicam que a exploração de recursos naturais se tornou uma fonte de conflito e violência e que os grupos armados usaram a mineração ilegal como estratégia para consolidar seu poder e controle do território. Conclui-se que, para enfrentar esse problema de forma eficaz, é necessária uma intervenção abrangente que combine segurança, desenvolvimento e fortalecimento institucional.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Conflicto social]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Colombia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[conflictos armados]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ejército Nacional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[minería ilegal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pobreza]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Social conflict]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Colombia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[armed conflict]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[National Army]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[illegal mining]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[poverty]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Conflito social]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Colômbia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[conflito armado]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Exército Nacional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[mineração ilegal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[pobreza]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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