<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1794-3108</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Criminalidad]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Crim.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1794-3108</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Policía Nacional de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1794-31082025000200123</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47741/17943108.623</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[La identificación policial en los casos de aporofobia: desafíos y estrategias]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Police identification in aporophobia cases: Challenges and strategies]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Identificação policial em casos de aporofobia: desafios e estratégias]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Picado Valverde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eva María]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carreto Rebollo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Zaira]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yurrebaso Macho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Amaia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guzmán Ordaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Raquel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garcia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Esther]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Salamanca  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Salamanca ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Salamanca  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Salamanca ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Salamanca  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Salamanca ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Salamanca  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Salamanca ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Salamanca  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Salamanca ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>67</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>123</fpage>
<lpage>139</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1794-31082025000200123&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1794-31082025000200123&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1794-31082025000200123&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Las encuestas sobre delitos de odio en España revelan un número reducido de incidentes de aporofobia, con una probable &#8220;cifra negra&#8221; debido a la infradenuncia y la falta de capacitación de los profesionales en su detección. Este estudio evalúa el conocimiento y la capacitación de los agentes de seguridad sobre la situación de las personas sin hogar y la aporofobia, y describe el perfil de agresores y víctimas. Mediante una metodología cualitativa se realizan entrevistas en profundidad a 10 agentes con más de cinco años de experiencia. Se descubrió un desconocimiento generalizado del fenómeno. Aunque los agentes han interactuado con personas sin hogar, no han tratado casos específicos de aporofobia. Según los agentes entrevistados, las agresiones aporofóbicas, principalmente físicas, ocurren en grandes ciudades, y las víctimas son percibidas como solitarias, sin apoyo, y con problemas de salud mental. Los agresores, generalmente jóvenes bajo la influencia de alcohol o drogas, actúan en grupo por diversión, aprovechando la vulnerabilidad de las víctimas. No detectar estas situaciones puede tener graves consecuencias, como el aislamiento social de las víctimas y la normalización de la violencia. Es fundamental mejorar la capacitación de los agentes y desarrollar un protocolo específico para asegurar una intervención efectiva. El estudio reconoce limitaciones, como la falta de capacitación en unidades no especializadas, lo que subraya la necesidad de integrar este enfoque en la formación de todos los agentes.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Hate crime surveys in Spain reveal a small number of incidents of aporophobia, with a probable &#8216;black figure&#8217; due to under-reporting and lack of training of professionals in its detection. This study assesses the knowledge and training of security agents regarding the situation of homeless people and aporophobia and describes the profile of aggressors and victims. Using a qualitative methodology, in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 officers with more than five years of experience. A general lack of knowledge of the phenomenon was discovered. Although the agents have interacted with homeless people, they have not dealt with specific cases of aporophobia. According to the officers interviewed, aporophobic assaults, mainly physical, occur in large cities, and the victims are perceived as lonely, without support, and with mental health problems. The aggressors, usually young people under the influence of alcohol or drugs, act in groups for fun, taking advantage of the vulnerability of the victims. Failure to detect these situations can have serious consequences, such as the social isolation of the victims and the normalisation of violence. It is essential to improve the training of officers and develop a specific protocol to ensure effective intervention. The study recognises limitations, such as the lack of training in non-specialised units, which underscores the need to integrate this approach into the training of all agents.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo As pesquisas sobre crimes de ódio na Espanha revelam um número reduzido de incidentes de aporofobia, provavelmente em razão da chamada &#8220;cifra negra&#8221;, decorrente da subnotificação e da capacitação insuficiente dos profissionais para sua detecção. Neste estudo, avaliam- se o conhecimento e a formação dos agentes de segurança sobre a condição das pessoas em situação de rua e sobre a aporofobia, além de descrever o perfil dos agressores e das vítimas. Adotou-se uma metodologia qualitativa, com entrevistas em profundidade realizadas com 10 policiais com mais de cinco anos de experiência. Constatou- se uma carência geral de conhecimento sobre o fenômeno. Embora os agentes entrevistados tenham relatado interações com pessoas em situação de rua, eles não lidaram com casos específicos de aporofobia. De acordo com os participantes, as agressões motivadas por aporofobia - principalmente físicas - ocorrem nas grandes cidades, tendo como vítimas indivíduos vistos como solitários, desamparados e com transtornos mentais. Os agressores são, geralmente, jovens sob efeito de álcool ou drogas, que agem em grupos por diversão, aproveitando-se da vulnerabilidade das vítimas. A ausência de detecção dessas situações pode ter consequências graves, como o isolamento social das vítimas e a normalização da violência. Destaca-se a importância de melhorar o treinamento policial e de desenvolver protocolos específicos que assegurem intervenções eficazes. O estudo reconhece limitações, como a ausência de formação adequada em unidades não especializadas, o que reforça a necessidade de integrar essa abordagem à formação de todos os agentes.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Aporofobia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[discriminación al pobre]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[delito de odio]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[víctimas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Aporophobia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[discrimination against the poor]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[hate crime]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[victims]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Aporofobia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[discriminação contra os pobres]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[crimes de ódio]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[vítimas]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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