<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1794-4449</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Lasallista de Investigación]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Lasallista Investig.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1794-4449</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Corporación Universitaria Lasallista]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1794-44492022000100152</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22507/rli.v19n1a9</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Congestión Vehicular y Contaminación Ambiental en Lima Metropolitana]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Vehicle Congestion and Environmental Pollution in Metropolitan Lima]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Congestionamento dos Veículos e Poluição Ambiental na Metrópole de Lima]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fonseca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Justo Pastor Solís]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bravo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Leonidas Carolina Salazar]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leonor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Romero Carrión Violeta]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salazar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana De Los Ángeles Carolina Solís]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Federico Villareal  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Federico Villareal  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Federico Villareal  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Filigrana Arquitectónica SAC  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>152</fpage>
<lpage>164</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1794-44492022000100152&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1794-44492022000100152&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1794-44492022000100152&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción: La contaminación ambiental en las áreas urbanas, se debe principalmente a las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero emitidas por la quema del combustible del parque automotor, el cual se incrementa en situaciones de congestión vehicular, que adicionalmente como fuente de contaminación sonora, incide en la salud física y mental de los ciudadanos.  Objetivo: Esta investigación pretende determinar desde la percepción de los consultores independientes de transporte urbano, las causas de la congestión vehicular y su relación con la contaminación ambiental y la salud.  Materiales y métodos: La investigación tiene un corte cuantitativo de diseño no experimental, de tipo observacional y descriptivo, donde inicialmente mediante la observación se permitió la selección de las zonas con mayor congestión de la ciudad de Lima metropolitana; además de la participación de 22 consultores independientes quienes a través de una entrevista estructurada permitieron la identificación de las causas de la congestión vehicular y su relación con la contaminación ambiental y la salud.  Resultados: conforme con los resultados obtenidos las principales causas del congestionamiento identificadas por los consultores son: una deficiente gestión y planificación vial, falta de educación vial por parte de conductores y peatones, paraderos informales y vehículos obsoletos.  Conclusiones: persisten en la ciudad capital niveles de congestión vehicular, que inciden en altos niveles de contaminación, los cuales afectan la salud y economía del peruano. Del análisis a raíz de las encuestas de los expertos, se recomienda dirigir estrategias y políticas de solución que incluyan reformas institucionales que favorezcan mejoras de eficiencia y eficacia en la gestión del transporte urbano, faciliten la renovación del parque automotor y se implementen campañas de sensibilización para crear cultura ciudadana.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction: environmental pollution in urban areas is mainly due to greenhouse gas emissions from the burning of fuel in the vehicle fleet, which increases in situations of vehicle congestion, which, in addition to being a source of noise pollution, affects the physical and mental health of citizens.  Objective: to determine the perception of independent urban transport consultant experts on the causes of vehicle congestion and its relationship with environmental pollution and health.  Materials and methods: an observational and descriptive study in the city of metropolitan Lima, through the identification of critical points of vehicular congestion and through structured interviews with independent consultants, on the causes of traffic, environmental pollution and health.  Results: the main traffic generators observed were constructions, closed streets, ambulatory commerce, informal stops, unauthorized parking, and accidents. While the causes of congestion, identified by the consultants, were based on poor management and road planning, lack of road safety education for drivers and pedestrians, informal stops, and obsolete vehicles.  Conclusions: the capital city still suffers from high levels of traffic congestion, which affects the health and economy of Peruvians. From the analysis based on the opinions of experts, it is recommended that strategies and policies be directed towards solutions that include institutional reforms that favor improvements in efficiency and effectiveness in the management of urban transportation, facilitate the renewal of the vehicle fleet and implement awareness campaigns to create a citizen culture.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo  Introdução: a poluição ambiental nas zonas urbanas deve-se principalmente à emissão de gases com efeito de estufa provenientes da queima de combustível pela frota automóvel, que aumenta em situações de congestionamento de veículos, o que, além de ser uma fonte de poluição sonora, afeta a saúde física e mental dos cidadãos.  Objetivo: determinar a percepção de peritos independentes em matéria de transportes urbanos sobre as causas do congestionamento dos veículos e a sua relação com a poluição ambiental e a saúde.  Materiais e métodos: um estudo observacional e descritivo na cidade de Lima, através da identificação de pontos críticos de congestionamento veicular e de entrevistas estruturadas com consultores independentes, sobre as causas do trânsito, da poluição ambiental e da saúde.  Resultados: os principais geradores de tráfego observados foram: construções, ruas fechadas, comércio ambulatório, paragens informais, estacionamento não autorizado e acidentes. Enquanto as causas do congestionamento, identificadas pelos consultores: má gestão e planeamento das estradas, falta de educação em segurança rodoviária para condutores e peões, paragens informais e veículos obsoletos.  Conclusões:  a capital ainda sofre de elevados níveis de congestionamento de tráfego, que afetam a saúde e a economia dos peruanos. A partir da análise baseada nas opiniões dos peritos, recomenda-se a orientação de estratégias e políticas para soluções que incluam reformas institucionais que favoreçam melhorias na eficiência e eficácia na gestão do transporte urbano, facilitem a renovação da frota automóvel e implementem campanhas de sensibilização para criar uma cultura cidadã.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Tráfico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[congestión vehicular]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[contaminación ambiental]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[contaminación sonora]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Traffic]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[vehicle congestion]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[environmental pollution]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[noise pollution]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Tráfego]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[congestionamento de veículos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[poluição ambiental]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[poluição sonora]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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