<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1794-4724</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Av. Psicol. Latinoam.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1794-4724</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad del Rosario]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1794-47242020000200004</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/apl/a.9404</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[COVID-19: impacto psicosocial en la escuela en Chile. Desigualdades y desafíos para Latinoamérica]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[COVID-19: Psychosocial Impact on School in Chile. Inequalities and Challenges for Latin America]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[COVID-19: impacto psicossocial na escola no Chile. Desigualdades e desafíos para a Latino-América]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gonzalo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santander]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Priscilla]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Precht]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrea]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scholten]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hernán]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moretti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Renato]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Wilson]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Católica del Maule  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Central de Chile  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Católica del Maule  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Buenos Aires  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Argentina</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Alberto Hurtado  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Pontificia Universidad Javeriana  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>4</fpage>
<lpage>20</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1794-47242020000200004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1794-47242020000200004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1794-47242020000200004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La pandemia de Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) ha superado los cinco millones de casos en todo el mundo y sus consecuencias han sido devastadoras para la salud y la sociedad en general. Como parte de los protocolos sanitarios que buscan mitigar los efectos de la pandemia, se implementó el cierre de escuelas en la mayoría de los países; Chile no fue la excepción. En el marco de este artículo, se busca dar cuenta del impacto psicosocial de esta medida en las escuelas chilenas y ampliar la reflexión a Latinoamérica. En este sentido, se analizan fundamentalmente las decisiones gubernamentales a partir de la creación del programa Aprendo en Línea y se propone una contextualización y un contraste con las iniciativas adoptadas en otros países, para luego explorar las condiciones del ejercicio de la actividad docente, y sus consecuencias en el contexto familiar para terminar con el impacto en la relación entre las familias y las escuelas. Esto permite visualizar, una vez más, no solo la desigualdad estructural del sistema educativo chileno sino su mantenimiento y eventual profundización. Las discusiones y medidas a implementar a partir de la coyuntura actual plantean retos que, más allá del contexto particular de Chile, pueden hacerse extensivos a otros países de Latinoamérica.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has exceeded five million cases worldwide, and its consequences have been devastating for health and society in general. As part of the health protocols that seek to mitigate the pandemic's effects, school closures were implemented in most countries, where Chile was no exception. In the framework of this article, we seek to give an account of the psychosocial impact of this initiative on Chilean schools and to broaden the reflection to the rest of Latin America. In this sense, we analyze government decisions since the creation of the Aprendo en Línea [I Learn Online] program and propose a contextualization and a contrast with the measures adopted in other countries. We then explore the conditions of the exercise of the teaching activity, its consequences in the family context, and the impact on the relationship between families and schools. This allows us to visualize, once again, not only the structural inequality of the Chilean education system but also its maintenance and eventual deepening. The discussions and measures to be implemented in the current situation pose challenges that, beyond the context of Chile, can be extended to other Latin American countries.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo A pandemia Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) tem superado os três milhões de casos no mundo todo e suas consequências têm sido devastadoras para a saúde e a sociedade em geral. Como parte dos protocolos sanitários que buscam mitigar os efeitos da pandemia, se implementou o encerramento de escolas na maioria dos países e o Chile não foi a exceção. No marco deste artigo, busca-se dar conta do impacto psicossocial nas escolas chilenas e ampliar a reflexão para a Latino-América. Neste sentido, se analisam fundamentalmente as decisões governamentais a partir da criação do programa Aprendo Online e se propõe uma contextualização e um contraste com as medidas adotadas em outros países, para depois explorar as condições do exercício da atividade docente, suas consequências no contexto familiar, para terminar com o impacto na relação entre as famílias y as escolas. Isto permite visualizar, mais uma vez, não só a desigualdade estrutural do sistema educativo chileno, mas também sua manutenção e eventual aprofundamento. As discussões e medidas a implementar a partir da conjuntura atual apresentam desafios que, para além do contexto particular do Chile, possa se fazer extensivo para outros países da Latino-América.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[COVID-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[escuela]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[impacto psicosocial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Chile]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Latinoamérica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[COVID-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[School]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[psychosocial impact]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Chile]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Latin America]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[COVID-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[escola]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[impacto psicossocial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Chile]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Latino-América]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alharbi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O. M. L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[COVID-19: Disease, management, treatment, and social impact]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Science of the total Environment]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<numero>728</numero>
<issue>728</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[smundson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. J. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taylor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Coronaphobia: Fear and the 2019-nCoV outbreak]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Anxiety Disorders]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<numero>70</numero>
<issue>70</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ávalos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[¿Héroes o villanos? La profesión docente en Chile]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universitaria]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ávalos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valenzuela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Education for all and attrition/retention of new teachers: A trajectory study in Chile]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Educational Development]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<numero>49</numero>
<issue>49</issue>
<page-range>279-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Di Bártolo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El apego. Cómo nuestros vínculos nos hacen quiénes somos]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Lugar Editorial S.A]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bayham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fenichel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Impact of school closures for COVID-19 on the US health-care workforce and net mortality: A modelling study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Lancet Public Health]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>271-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bellei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muñoz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La casa no es una escuela: propuesta de política educativa en tiempos de pandemia]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bott]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guedes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz-Celis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Intimate partner violence in the Americas: A systematic review and reanalysis of national prevalence estimates.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Panamericana de Salud Publica]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<page-range>43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brooks]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Webster]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Woodland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wessely]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Greenberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rubin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: Rapid review of the evidence]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Lancet]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>395</volume>
<numero>10227</numero>
<issue>10227</issue>
<page-range>912-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Deconstructing developmental psychology]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[London ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Taylor &amp; Francis]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Claro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trucco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Children's and adolescents' digital access in Chile: The role of digital access modalities in digital uses and skills]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Children and Media]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Han]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zheng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Psychiatry Research]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<numero>287</numero>
<issue>287</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carrasco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Godoy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Rotación de profesores en Chile: quiénes son y cuál es el contexto de quienes dejan su primer trabajo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Midevidencias]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>1-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cavieres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La calidad de la educación como parte del problema. Educación escolar y desigualdad en Chile]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Brasileira de Educação]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>59</numero>
<issue>59</issue>
<page-range>1033-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Center for Disease, Control and Prevention</collab>
<source><![CDATA[People who are at higher risk for severe illnerss]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Centro de Estudios Mineduc</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Matrícula de alumnos]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Centro de Estudios Públicos</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Estudio nacional de opinión pública N° 84]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CEP]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>CEPAL</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Panorama social de América Latina]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Naciones Unidas]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chávez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vergara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ser niño y niña en el Chile de hoy. La perspectiva de sus protagonistas acerca de la infancia, la adultez y las relaciones entre padres e hijos]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ceibo]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Claro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El futuro de las políticas educativas digitales en Chile desde un enfoque ecológico]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carrasco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flores]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[De la reforma a la transformación]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<page-range>217-39</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ediciones UC]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Colegio de Profesores de Chile</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Carta abierta por una televisión educativa durante la crisis del COVID-19]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Coronavirus Resource Center</collab>
<source><![CDATA[COVID-19 Dashboard by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University (JHU)]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Criado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bueno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El mito de la dimisión parental. Implicación familiar, desigualdad social y éxito escolar]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cuadernos de Relaciones Laborales]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Psychological interventions for people affected by the COVID-19 epidemic]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Lancet Psychiatry]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>300-2</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Faircloth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoffman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Layne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Parenting in Global Perspective: Negotiating ideologies of kinship, self and politics]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Faircloth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murray]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Parenting Kinship, Expertise, and Anxiety]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Family Issues]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>1115-29</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Falabella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[¿Qué aseguran las políticas de aseguramiento de la calidad? Un estudio de casos en distintos contextos escolares]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Estudios pedagógicos]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>107-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Falabella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De la Vega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Políticas de responsabilización por desempeño escolar: un debate a partir de la literatura internacional y el caso chileno]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Estudios Pedagógicos]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>395-413</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fretwell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The new educational pastorate: Link workers, pastoral power and the pedagogicalisation of parenting]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Genealogy]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>1-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Furedi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Paranoid parenting: Abandon your anxieties and be a good parent]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Allen Lane/Penguin Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gaete Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castro Navarrete]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pino Conejeros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mansilla Devia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Abandono de la profesión docente en Chile: Motivos para irse del aula y condiciones para volver]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Estudios pedagógicos]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>123-38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gallegos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Las nuevas dinámicas del conocimiento científico y su impacto en la psicología latinoamericana]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Psicoperspectivas]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>106-17</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garcés]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[October 2019: Social uprising in neoliberal Chile]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Latin American Cultural Studies]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>1-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Huidobro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Desigualdad educativa y segmentación del sistema escolar. Consideraciones a partir del caso chileno]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pensamiento Educativo]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>65-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garrett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jensen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Voela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[We need to talk about family: Essays on neoliberalism, the family and popular culture]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Newcastle ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge Scholars Publishing]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Gobierno de Argentina</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Seguimos educando]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[El Ministerio de Educación presentó el programa Seguimos Educando]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez Espino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Two sides of intensive parenting: Present and future dimensions in contemporary relations between parents and children in Spain]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Childhood]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>22-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Le Foulon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The 2019-2020 Chilean protests: A first look at their causes and participants]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Sociology]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goodall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Parental engagement and deficit discourses: Absolving the system and solving parents]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Educational Review]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<page-range>1-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutierrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sancho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galiana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tomás]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Autonomy support, psychological needs satisfaction, school engagement and academic success: A mediation model]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Universitas Psychologica]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández-Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pavez-Lizarraga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Donoso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tecpan-Flores]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Se sienten valorados los profesores en Chile?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Educación y Educadores]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>434-47</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Human Rights Watch</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Informe mundial 2020]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Instituto Nacional de Derechos Humanos</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Informe Anual 2019: situación de los Derechos Humanos en Chile en el Contexto de la Crisis Social Santiago, Chile]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pettoello-Mantovani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Somekh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Behavioral and emotional disorders in children during the COVID-19 epidemic]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Journal of Pediatrics]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<numero>221</numero>
<issue>221</issue>
<page-range>264-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kwok]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Community responses during the early phase of the COVID-19 epidemic in Hong Kong: Risk perception, information exposure and preventive measures]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[MedRxiv]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Experts and parenting culture]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bristow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Faircloth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Macvarish]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Parenting culture studies]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<page-range>51-75</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Palgrave Macmillan]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bristow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Faircloth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Macvarish]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Parenting Culture Studies]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Palgrave Macmillan]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xue]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The impact of COVID-19 epidemic declaration on psychological consequences: A study on active weibo users]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X. X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Du]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. W. K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[SARS-Cov-2 infection in children. Understanding the immune responses and controlling the pandemic]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pediatric Allergy and Inmunology]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Madrid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saracostti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reininger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Responsabilización, obediencia y resistencia: perspectivas de docentes y padres sobre la colaboración familia-escuela]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Electrónica Interuniversitaria de Formación del Profesorado]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>1-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mahase]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[COVID-19: Schools set to close across UK except for children of health and social care workers]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMJ Clinical Research Education 368]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Ministerio de Desarrollo Social y Familia</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Resultados Encuesta Casen 2017]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Ministerio de Educación de Colombia</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Gobierno Nacional expide normatividad en el marco de la emergencia para garantizar la ejecución del programa de alimentación escolar para consumo en el hogar]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Ministerio de Educación de Costa Rica</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Aprendo en Casa]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Ministerio de Educación de Perú</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Aprendo en Casa]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Ministerio de Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones de Colombia</collab>
<source><![CDATA[En Colombia el 50 % de los hogares no tiene internet]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Guidance on the organization and management of online teaching in colleges and universities during the epidemic prevention and control period]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Ministerio de Educación de Chile</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Aprendo en Línea]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<month>a</month>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Ministerio de Educación de Chile</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Aprendo TV: bloque educativo de Mineduc en TV Educa Chile]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<month>b</month>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naguy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moodliar-Rensburg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alamiri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Coronaphobia and chronophobia - A psychiatric perspective]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Asian Journal of Psychiatry]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<numero>51</numero>
<issue>51</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Navarro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Escuela en la casa: retrato de nuestra desigualdad íntima]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B62">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ochoa-Angrino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montes-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas-Ospina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Percepción de habilidad, reto y relevancia como predictores de compromiso cognitivo y afectivo en estudiantes de secundaria]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Universitas Psychologica]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1-18</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B63">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paredes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esmili]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Coronavirus. El confinamiento es un concepto burgués: cómo el aislamiento afecta a las distintas clases sociales]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B64">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-Salas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olivares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sáez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Tiempos de crisis. Reposicionando la importancia de los vínculos afectivos en la escuela]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B65">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patrick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cormier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Are our lives the experiment? COVID-19 lessons during chaotic natural experiment. A commentary]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Health Behavior and Policy Review]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>165-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B66">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>PNUD</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Desiguales. Orígenes, cambios y desafíos de la brecha social en Chile]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[PNUD]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B67">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Precht]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Privatización de la relación entre escuelas y familias: un aspecto a considerar en la convivencia escolar]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cornejo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saavedra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Del Pathos al Ethos: líneas y perspectivas en convivencia escolar]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<page-range>129-14).</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Talca ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Católica del Maule]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B68">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Precht]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA["Nos vienen a tirar a sus hijos a la escuela": problematizando la relación entre familia y escuela en tiempos de intensificación de la parentalidad]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferrada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Reflexiones y experiencias educativas desde las comunidades]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<page-range>119</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Talca ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ediciones UCM]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B69">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Precht]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valenzuela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muñoz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sepúlveda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Familia y motivación escolar: desafíos para la formación inicial docente]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Estudios Pedagógicos]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>165-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B70">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Pedagogía de Emergencia]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Rudolf Steiner]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B71">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruffinelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ley de desarrollo profesional docente en Chile: de la precarización sistemática a los logros, avances y desafíos pendientes para la profesionalización]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Estudios Pedagógicos]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>261-79</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B72">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El síndrome de necedad escolar y su contexto]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ocampo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Rostros del malestar. Crispación, dolor y abandono]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<page-range>89-96</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Sinaloa ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ediciones del Lirio]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B73">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Urzúa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Larraín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zúñiga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cornejo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sisto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kühne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Manifiesto por la psicología en Chile: A propósito de la revuelta del 18 de octubre 2019]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Terapia Psicologica]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>317-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B74">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schiariti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The human rights of children with disabilities during health emergencies: The challenge of COVID-19]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B75">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scholten]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Abordaje psicológico del COVID-19: una revisión narrativa de la experiencia latinoamericana]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Interamericana de Psicología/Interamerican Journal of Psychology]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B76">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Subsecretaría de Telecomunicaciones de Chile.</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Informe Anual del Sector Telecomunicaciones 2019 Santiago, Chile]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B77">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>The Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Technical note: Protection of children during the coronavirus pandemic]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B78">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>The New York City Department of Education</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Coronavirus updates]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B79">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kraemer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dye]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The impact of transmission control measures during the first 50 days of the COVID-19 epidemic in China]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[MedRxiv]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B80">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Treviño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Varela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Straub]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Transformar las aulas en Chile: superar la desconexión entre la enseñanza actual y los modos de aprender de los estudiantes]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carrasco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flores]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[De la reforma a la transformación]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<page-range>173-215</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ediciones UC]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B81">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>UNESCO</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Impacto de COVID-19 en la educación]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B82">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Unicef</collab>
<source><![CDATA[COVID-19: más del 95 por ciento de niños, niñas y adolescentes está fuera de las escuelas en América Latina y el Caribe]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B83">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Lancker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parolin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[COVID-19 school closure and child poverty: A social crisis in the making]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Lancet Public Health]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>243-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B84">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vergara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sepúlveda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salvo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Being a parent and being a child in Chile today: The relational construction of subject positions in a neoliberal context]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Subjectivity]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>371-88</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B85">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Viner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Russell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Croker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Packer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ward]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stansfield]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Booy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[School closure and management practices during coronavirus outbreaks including COVID-19: A rapid systematic review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Lancet Child and Adolescent Health]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>397-404</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B86">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wöbmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[School closures: Preventing a complete learning shutdown]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Wirtschaftsdienst]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>228</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B87">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mitigate the effects of home confinement on children during the COVID-19 outbreak]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Lancet]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>395</volume>
<numero>10228</numero>
<issue>10228</issue>
<page-range>945-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B88">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Suspending classes without stopping learning: Chinas education emergency management policy in the COVID-19 outbreak]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Risk and financial management]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
