<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1794-6190</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Earth Sciences Research Journal]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Earth Sci. Res. J.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1794-6190</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1794-61902018000100007</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15446/esrj.v22n1.65459</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Vichada asteroid impact effects from simulation of regional environmental consequences of a meteoroid impact on Earth]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Efectos del impacto de asteroide de Vichada a partir de la simulación de las consecuencias ambientales regionales de un impacto de meteorito en La Tierra]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alexander]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.C]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia Departamento de Geociencias ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá D.C]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>7</fpage>
<lpage>12</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1794-61902018000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1794-61902018000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1794-61902018000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT This study estimates the regional environmental consequences of the impactor extraterrestrial body that could produce the probable Vichada impact crater structure on the Vichada Plain, in Colombia, South America. This paper details the parameter assumptions upon which the estimation is made. It describes an approach to quantifying the principal impact processes that could have affected the landscape in the vicinity of the probable Vichada impact event in the past. The key parameters are impactor diameter, impactor density, impact velocity before atmospheric entry, impact angle, and the distance from the impact at which the environmental effects are to be calculated, and the target type of sedimentary rock or crystalline rock. These parameters were chosen with support from The Vichada Structure dimensions obtained from remote sensing data interpretation, regional geologic mapping and interpreted satellite data and ground-based gravity and magnetic anomalies. The calculations are based on compiled novel algorithms for estimating the thermal radiation emitted by the impact-generated vapor plume or fireball, and the intensity of seismic shaking. Model validation is performed by obtaining the approximates various dimensions of the Vichada impact crater and ejecta deposit, as well as estimating the severity of the air blastin both crater-forming and air burst impacts. We illustrate the utility of the calculations by examining the predicted environmental consequences in seven localities of the Colombian territory, through hypothetical impact scenarios occurring in Cumaribo and Puerto Carreño (Vichada), Puerto Inirida (Guainía), Puerto Gaitán and Villavicencio (Meta), Mitú (Vaupes) and Bogotá, D.C. It is concluded that the most wide-reaching environmental consequence is seismic shaking. Both ejecta deposit thickness and air-blast pressure decay much more rapidly with distance than with seismic ground motion. Close to the impact site the most devastating effect is from thermal radiation; however, the curvature of the Earth implies that distant localities are shielded from direct thermal radiation because the fireball is below the horizon. These results would guide further detailed fieldwork hunting for direct impact crater evidences and/or interpreting high resolution geophysical studies and borehole that could be carried out in the probable Vichada impact crater area in the near future.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN Este estudio simula las consecuencias ambientales regionales del cuerpo impacto de un asteroide que pudo producir la probable estructura de cráter de impacto de Vichada, en la llanura de Vichada, Colombia, América del sur. Este artículo proporciona los parámetros a partir de los cuales se hace la estimación. Describe un enfoque para la cuantificación de los procesos principales del impacto que podrían haber afectado el paisaje en las cercanías del evento de probable impacto de Vichada en el pasado geológico. Los parámetros clave son diámetro del asteroide, densidad, velocidad de impacto antes de la entrada atmosférica, ángulo del impacto y la distancia entre el sitio impacto y el lugar en el cual se calculan los efectos ambientales y el tipo de roca sobre la que pudo ocurrir el impacto. Estos parámetros fueron seleccionados a partir del análisis de las dimensiones de la estructura de Vichada obtenidos a partir de la interpretación de imágenes de sensores remotos, cartografía geológica regional y la interpretación de anomalías gravimétricas y magnéticas satelitales, aerotransportadas y terrestres. Los cálculos se basan en algoritmos novedosos compilados para la estimación de la radiación térmica emitida por la pluma de vapor generado por el impacto o bola de fuego y la intensidad de la vibración sísmica. La validación del modelo se realiza mediante la reconstrucción de las dimensiones del posible cráter de impacto de Vichada y depósitos de eyecta, así como la severidad de los efectos explosivos del aire y partículas del material de eyecta. Ilustramos la utilidad de los cálculos mediante el examen de las consecuencias ambientales pronosticadas en siete localidades del territorio colombiano, a través de escenarios de impacto hipotético en Cumaribo y Puerto Carreño (Vichada), Puerto Inírida ( Guainía), Mitú (Vaupés), Puerto Gaitán y Villavicencio (Meta) y Bogotá, D.C. Se concluye que la consecuencia ambiental de más regional es la asociada a eventos sísmicos. Tanto el espesor del material de eyecta y la presión atmosférica de las ondas de choque disminuyen más rápidamente al aumentar la distancia con respecto al sitio de impacto que los eventos sísmicos. Cerca del sitio del impacto, el efecto más devastador está asociado a la radiación térmica; sin embargo, la curvatura de la tierra implica que localidades distantes están protegidos contra la radiación térmica directa porque la bola de fuego está por debajo del horizonte. Estos resultados se constituyen en una guía para los posteriores trabajos de geología de campo, en donde se buscarán evidencias directas en la zona del cráter de impacto e interpretación de estudios geofísicos de alta resolución y datos e perforaciones que se realizaran en la zona del probable cráter de impacto de Vichada en un futuro cercano.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Vichada structure]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[impact asteroid crater]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[environmental effects]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Estructura de Vichada]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cráter de impacto de asteroide]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[efectos ambientales]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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