<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1794-6190</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Earth Sciences Research Journal]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Earth Sci. Res. J.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1794-6190</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1794-61902019000400317</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15446/esrj.v23n4.77683</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[A spectral multidomain penalty method solver for the numerical simulation of granular avalanches]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Método penalizado de multidominios espectrales para la simulación numérica de avalanchas granulares]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trujillo-Vela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mario Germán]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Escobar-Vargas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge Alberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramos-Cañón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alfonso Mariano]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Pontificia Universidad Javeriana  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>317</fpage>
<lpage>329</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1794-61902019000400317&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1794-61902019000400317&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1794-61902019000400317&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT This work presents a high-order element-based numerical simulation of an experimental granular avalanche, in order to assess the potential of these spectral techniques to handle geophysical conservation laws. The spatial discretization of these equations was developed via the spectral multidomain penalty method (SMPM). The temporal terms were discretized using a strong-stability preserving Runge-Kutta method. Stability of the numerical scheme is ensured with the use of a spectral filter and a constant or regularized lateral earth pressure coefficient. The test case is a granular avalanche that is generated in a small-scale rectangular flume with a topographical gradient. A grid independence test was performed to clarify the order of the error in the mass conservation produced by the treatments here implemented. The numerical predictions of the granular avalanches are compared with experimental measurements performed by Denlinger and Iverson (2001). Furthermore, the boundary conditions and parameters such as lateral earth pressure coefficients and the momentum correction factor were analyzed in order to observe the incidence of these features when solving the granular flow equations. This work identifies the benefits and weaknesses of the SMPM to solve this set of equations, and thus, it is possible to conclude that the SMPM provides an appropriate solution to the granular flow equations proposed by Iverson and Denlinger (2001) and comparable predictions for the experimental data.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN Este trabajo presenta la simulación numérica de una avalancha granular a escala experimental basada en elementos de alto orden, con el fin de evaluar el potencial de estas técnicas espectrales para resolver las leyes de conservación en geofísica. La discretización espacial de estas ecuaciones se desarrolló a través del métodos penalizado de multidominios espectrales (SMPM). Los términos temporales se discretizaron utilizando un método Runge-Kutta de preservación de estabilidad fuerte. La estabilidad del esquema numérico se garantiza con el uso de un filtro espectral y un coeficiente de presión lateral de tierras constante o regularizado. El caso de prueba es una avalancha granular que se genera en un canal rectangular de pequeña escala con gradiente topográfico. Se realizó una prueba de independencia de malla para aclarar el orden del error en la conservación de la masa producida por los tratamientos previamente mencionados. Las predicciones numéricas se comparan con las mediciones experimentales realizadas por Denlinger &amp; Iverson (2001). Además, se analizaron las condiciones de contorno, y los parámetros como el coeficiente de presión lateral de tierras y el factor de corrección de momentum para observar su incidencia al resolver las ecuaciones del flujo granular. Este trabajo identifica las bondades y debilidades del SMPM para resolver este conjunto de ecuaciones y es posible concluir que el SMPM proporciona una solución adecuada de las ecuaciones propuestas por Iverson &amp; Denlinger (2001). Además, las predicciones son comparables a los datos experimentales y resultados numéricos dados por otros esquemas.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Granular avalanches]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Numerical simulation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Spectral multidomain penalty method]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Parameter analysis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Avalancha granular]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[simulación numérica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[método penalizado de multidominios espectrales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[análisis de parámetros]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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