<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1794-6190</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Earth Sciences Research Journal]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Earth Sci. Res. J.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1794-6190</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1794-61902021000100013</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15446/esrj.v25n1.85098</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Fracture variability in basalts and its effect on river erosion: a case study in the Paraná volcanic province]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Variabilidad de fractura en basaltos y su efecto en la erosión fluvial: un estudio de caso en la Provincia Volcánica de Paraná]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonçalves Lima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adalto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pelegrina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marcos Aurelio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pontarolo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Murilo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Guarapuava Paraná]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>13</fpage>
<lpage>19</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1794-61902021000100013&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1794-61902021000100013&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1794-61902021000100013&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT The variation in the structural characteristics (cooling joints and tectonic fractures) of basaltic flows implies potential variability in the intensity of erosion by plucking. The erosive behavior of the rivers that sculpt these areas depends on their interaction with the diverse fracture systems. In view of this, we analyzed the effect of fracture variability (tipology, density and direction) in basalts on erosion in a bedrock river reach located in the Continental Volcanic Province of the Paraná Basin, southern Brazil. The fracture density and fracture direction were evaluated through field photogrammetry in seven sample areas distributed along a reach of 120 m. The fracture direction and main erosion axes were also surveyed by remote piloted aircraft (RPA) aerial imaging. The main erosion axes coincide with the principal fracture directions (tectonic fractures), which are disposed obliquely to the channel flow direction, making an average angle of 50°. The small, more abundant, and multidirectional cooling joints control the plucking process, but do not determine the erosion direction. The fracture density systematically decreases upstream from 9.62 to 3.73 m/m2, probably related to distance from a structural lineament which river crosses downstream. The higher fracture density favors more intense plucking due to decrease in the size of the rock blocks. The lower fracture density limits the plucking and favors the macroabrasion, mainly if associated with vesicular-amygdaloidal basalt.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN La variedad de características estructurales (juntas de enfriamiento y fracturas tectónicas) de los derrames basálticos implica una variabilidad potencial en la intensidad del proceso de erosión fluvial por extracción de bloques (plucking). El comportamiento erosivo de los ríos que esculpen estas áreas depende de la interacción con la diversidad de los sistemas de fractura. En vista de esto, buscamos analizar el efecto de la variabilidad de las fracturas en los basaltos sobre la erosión en un tramo fluvial de lecho rocoso, ubicado en la Provincia Volcánica Continental del Paraná, en el sur de Brasil. El tramo, de 120 m de largo, está parcialmente sujeto a la influencia de una posible falla que lo atraviesa cerca de uno de sus extremos. Evaluamos la densidad y dirección de fracturas, mediante fotogrametría de campo, en siete áreas de muestra distribuidas a lo largo del tramo y la dirección de las fracturas en el tramo integral mediante imagen aérea de Remote Piloted Aircraft (RPA). Con la imagen de RPA, también se identificaron los principales ejes de erosión. Fracturas tectónicas visto en el campo no siempre aparecen en la inspección de las áreas de muestra, pero son evidentes en la imagen de RPA. Los ejes principales de erosión coinciden con las direcciones principales de fractura (tectónicas), que son oblicuas a la dirección del flujo del canal, formando un ángulo promedio de 50°. Las diaclasas, más abundantes y multidireccionales, funcionan como controles sobre el proceso de plucking y no como determinantes de la dirección de la erosión. La densidad de las fracturas disminuye progresivamente con la distancia desde el punto de cruce de la falla (de 9.62 a 3.73 m/m2), aunque el valor más bajo está influenciado por una zona de basalto amigdaloide. La mayor densidad de fracturas favorece la intensificación de la erosión por extracción de bloques.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[River erosion]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Plucking]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Basalts]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Fractures]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Erosiónfluvial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[lecho rocoso]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[basalto]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fracturas]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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