<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1794-6190</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Earth Sciences Research Journal]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Earth Sci. Res. J.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1794-6190</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1794-61902024000100003</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15446/esrj.v28n1.110499</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Chemical constraints and tectonic setting of the Ginebra ophiolite complex]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Caracterización geoquímica y evolución tectónica del Complejo Ofiolítico de Ginebra]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gomez Gomez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Duban Esteban]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martinez Ardila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana Maria]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Molano Mendoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Loma Linda University  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[California ]]></addr-line>
<country>United States</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>3</fpage>
<lpage>15</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1794-61902024000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1794-61902024000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1794-61902024000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The occurrence and types of ophiolites in the Central Cordillera of the Colombian Andes have not been identified in terms of their tectonic settings and geochemical features. Therefore, the study of the tectonic setting and subduction zones in the ophiolites' magmatic evolution becomes a significant issue. The Ginebra Ophiolitic Complex (GOC) is located on the western flank of the Central Cordillera in the Valle del Cauca Department, southwest of Colombia, assigned to the Lower Cretaceous period, as indicated by the contact of the GOC with the Buga Batholith. The GOC is formed by three main lithologies: amphibolite, gabbro, and ultramafic rocks (pyroxenite and peridotite), according to Ossa (2007). The rocks in the Puente Piedra section, located in the northeast of Ginebra municipality, are part of the gabbroic cumulates within the ophiolitic sequence. This sequence comprises interspersed layers of gabbroic cumulates, gabbrodiorites, and diorites; interpreted as a result of crystal accumulation and fractional crystallization processes. The mafic rocks of the GOC are sub-alkaline and correspond to the low potassium (K2O wt% 0.03-0.06) tholeiitic series. Geochemically, they have SiO2 wt% ranging from 49 to 61 and an aluminum oxide saturation index of approximately ~0.4 and ~0.8, indicating a metaluminous type. The geochemistry of the studied rocks from Puente Piedra section indicates that the GOC formed through fractional crystallization and accumulation processes from a single magma source. Cluster analysis, used to compare the geochemistry of GOC rocks and the Amaime Complex basalts, suggests a similar magma source, possibly linked to multiple recharge events that underwent fractional crystallization, melt extraction, and accumulation processes. The geochemical parameters are indicative of a suprasubduction zone ophiolite, characterized by a low potassium tholeiitic series affinity, TiO2 values typically &lt;1.2 wt%, Th enrichment typical of subduction zones, high Pb content, and low values of Ti, Y, Yb, Ta, Nb, Zr, and Hf.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN La ocurrencia y los tipos de ofiolitas en la cordillera Central de los Andes colombianos no se han definido claramente en términos de configuración tectónica y características geoquímicas. Por lo tanto, el estudio del entorno tectónico y de las zonas de subducción en la evolución magmática de las ofiolitas se convierte en un tema significativo. El Complejo Ofiolítico de Ginebra (COG) se encuentra en el flanco occidental de la Cordillera Central en el Departamento del Valle del Cauca, suroeste de Colombia, asignado al período Cretácico Inferior, según lo indicado por el contacto del COG con el Batolito de Buga. El COG está formado por tres litologías principales: anfibolita, gabro y rocas ultramáficas (piroxenita y peridotita), de acuerdo con Ossa (2007). Las rocas en la sección de Puente Piedra, ubicada al noreste del municipio de Ginebra, son parte de los cumulados gabroicos dentro de la secuencia ofiolítica. Esta secuencia comprende capas intercaladas de cumulados gabroicos, gabrodioritas y dioritas; interpretadas como resultado de procesos de acumulación de cristales y cristalización fraccionada. Las rocas máficas del COG son subalcalinas y corresponden a la serie toleítica baja en potasio (K2O wt% 0,03-0,06%). Geoquímicamente, tienen SiO2 wt% que varía de 49 a 61 y un índice de saturación de óxido de aluminio de aproximadamente ~0.4 y ~0.8, indicando un tipo metaluminoso. La geoquímica de las rocas estudiadas de la sección de Puente Piedra indica que el COG se formó a través de procesos de cristalización fraccionada y acumulación a partir de una única fuente de magma. El análisis conjunto de los datos geoquímicos del COG y del Complejo Amaime sugiere una misma fuente de magma, posiblemente vinculada a múltiples eventos de recarga que experimentaron procesos de cristalización fraccionada, extracción de fundido y acumulación. Los parámetros geoquímicos son indicativos de una ofiolita de zona suprasubducción, caracterizada por una afinidad de serie toleítica baja en potasio, valores de TiO2 típicamente &lt;1.2 wt%, enriquecimiento de Th típico de zonas de subducción, contenido alto de Pb y valores bajos de Ti, Y, Yb, Ta, Nb, Zr y Hf.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Ophiolites]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Ginebra Ophiolitic Complex]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[tectonic setting]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[suprasubduction zone]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ofiolitas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Complejo Ofiolítico de Ginebra]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[configuración tectónica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[zona de suprasubducción]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>[1]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Geología de la Cordillera Central y el occidente colombiano y petroquímica de los intrusivos granitoides mesocenozoícos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Boletín Geológico]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>175</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>[2]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Geología del Complejo Ofiolítico de Pácora y secuencias relacionadas a Arco de Islas (Complejo Quebradagrande), Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Boletín Geológico]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>5-49</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>[3]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aspden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McCourt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mesozoic oceanic terrane in the central Andes of Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geology]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>415-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>[4]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aspden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McCourt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brook]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Geometrical control of subduction-related magmatism: the Mesozoic and Cenozoic plutonic history of Western Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of the Geological Society]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<volume>144</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>893-905</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>[5]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Molano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodriguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dorado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[U-Pb LA-ICPMS dating of the Buga Batolith and associated Porphyry dykes of the Ginebra Ophiolite-Westernmost Central Cordillera-Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ VII South American Symposium on Isotope Geology]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc>Brasília, Brasil </conf-loc>
<page-range>252-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>[6]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brook]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[New radiometric age data from SW Colombia]]></source>
<year>1984</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cali ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ingeominas--Misión Británica (British Geological Survey)]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>[7]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Correa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Restrepo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ordóñez-Carmona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pimentel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Subdivisión de las metamorfitas básicas de los alrededores de Medellín Cordillera Central de Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>112</numero>
<issue>112</issue>
<page-range>325-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>[8]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dilek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ophiolite concept and its evolution]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geological Society of America]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>373</volume>
<page-range>1-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>[9]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dilek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Furnes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ophiolites and their origins]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Elements]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<page-range>93-100</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>[10]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dilek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Polat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Suprasubduction zone ophiolites and Archean tectonics]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geology]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>431-2</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>[11]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dilek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Island arc tholeiite to boninitic melt evolution of the Cretaceous K&#305;z&#305;lda&#287; (Turkey) ophiolite: Model for multi-stage early arc--forearc magmatism in Tethyan subduction factories]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lithos]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>113</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>68-87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>[12]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espinosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El macizo de Ginebra (V), una nueva secuencia ofiolítica sobre el flanco occidental de la Cordillera Central; Le massif de Ginebra (V), une nouvelle séquence ophiolitique sur le flanc occidental de la Cordillère centrale]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Congreso Latinoamericano de Geología]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<page-range>46-57</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Ingeominas]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>[13]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gervilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Proenza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonzalez-Jimenez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garrido]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Melgarejo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lavaut]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Distribution of platinum-group elements and Os isotopes in chromite ores from Mayarí-Baracoa Ophiolitic Belt (eastern Cuba)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>150</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>589-607</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>[14]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ishizuka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reagan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Izu-Bonin-Mariana Forearc Crust as a Modern Ophiolite Analogue]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Elements]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>115-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>[15]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Janou&#353;ek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farrow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Erban]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Interpretation of whole-rock geochemical data in igneous geochemistry: introducing Geochemical Data Toolkit (GCDkit)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Petrology]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1255-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>[16]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keizer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Contribución al conocimiento de la Cordillera Occidental. La geología del flanco oriental de la Cordillera Occidental en la región de San Antonio, Municipio de Jamundí, Valle del Cauca]]></source>
<year>1954</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Servicio Geológico Nacional]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>[17]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Le Bas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Streckeisen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The IUGS systematics of igneous rocks]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of the Geological Society]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>148</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>825-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>[18]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Análisis de deformación tectónica en los pies de montes de las cordilleras Central y Occidental, Valle del Cauca, Colombia-Contribuciones Paleosísmicas]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Medellín, Colombia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Eafit]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>[19]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McCourt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aspden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brook]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[New geological and geochronological data from the Colombian Andes: continental growth by multiple accretion]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of the Geological Society]]></source>
<year>1984</year>
<volume>141</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>831-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>[20]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McDonough]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The composition of the Earth]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Chemical geology]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>120</volume>
<numero>3-4</numero>
<issue>3-4</issue>
<page-range>223-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>[21]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Metcalf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shervais]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Suprasubduction-zone ophiolites: Is there really an ophiolite conundrum?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ophiolites, Arcs, and Batholiths: A Tribute to Cliff Hopson]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>438</volume>
<page-range>191-222</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Geological Society of America Special Papers ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>[22]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miyashiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Troodos ophiolitic complex was probably formed in an island arc]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Earth and Planetary Science Letters]]></source>
<year>1973</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>218-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>[23]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Estudio Petrogenético de las Rocas Gabroideas del Complejo Ofiolítico de Ginebra, Valle del Cauca]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>[24]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nelson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Contribution to the geology of the Central and Western Cordillera of Colombia in the sector between Ibague and Cali]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Leidse Geologische Mededelingen]]></source>
<year>1957</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<page-range>1-76</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>[25]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nivia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Geochemistry and origin of the Amaime and volcanic sequences South western Colombia]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Leicester, UK]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>[26]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nivia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Á.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Bolivar mafic--ultramafic complex, SW Colombia: the base of an obducted oceanic plateau]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of South American Earth Sciences]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>1-2</numero>
<issue>1-2</issue>
<page-range>59-68</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>[27]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nivia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Á.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Mapa Geológico del Valle del Cauca "Memoria Explicativa"]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ingeominas]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>[28]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nivia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tarazona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Geología y geocronología del Batolito de Buga y el Macizo Ofiolítico de Ginebra, Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ Memorias, XVI Congreso Colombiano de Geología]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc>Santa Marta </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>[29]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nivia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tarazona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Petrogénesis y edad de las rocas ultramáficas y máficas del complejo ultramáfico de Venus, el macizo ofiolítico de Ginebra y su relación con el Batolito de Buga, Valle del Vauca]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ Memorias, XVII Congreso Colombiano de Geología]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc>Santa Marta </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>[30]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ossa Meza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Concha Perdomo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Petrogénesis de las rocas del Macizo Ofiolítico de Ginebra entre las veredas La Honda (Ginebra) y El Diamante (Buga) en el departamento del Valle del Cauca]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geología Colombiana]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<page-range>97-110</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>[31]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ozkan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Celik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soycan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cortuk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marzoli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Middle Jurassic and Early Cretaceous basalt-radiolarian chert association from the Tekelida&#287; Mélange, eastern &#304;zmir-Ankara-Erzincan suture zone (northern Turkey)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cretaceous Research]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>107</volume>
<page-range>104280</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>[32]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pearce]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Trace element characteristics of lavas from destructive plate boundaries]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Orogenic andesites and related rocks]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<page-range>528-48</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Chichester, England ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[John Wiley and Sons]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>[33]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pearce]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lippard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roberts]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Characteristics and tectonic significance of supra-subduction zone ophiolites]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geological Society Special Publication]]></source>
<year>1984</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<page-range>77-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>[34]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pearce]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peate]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tectonic implications of the composition of volcanic arc magmas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annual review of Earth and planetary sciences]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<page-range>251-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>[35]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pearce]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Geochemical fingerprinting of oceanic basalts with applications to ophiolite classification and the search for Archean oceanic crust]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lithos]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>100</volume>
<numero>1-4</numero>
<issue>1-4</issue>
<page-range>14-48</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>[36]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pearce]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Immobile Element Fingerprinting of Ophiolites]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Elements]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>101-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<label>[37]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peccerillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taylor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Geochemistry of Eocene calc-alkaline volcanic rocks from the Kastamonu area, Northern Turkey]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology]]></source>
<year>1976</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<page-range>63-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<label>[38]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Proenza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortega-Gutiérrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Camprubí]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tritlla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elías-Herrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyes-Salas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Paleozoic serpentinite-enclosed chromitites from Tehuitzingo (Acatlán Complex, southern Mexico): a petrological and mineralogical study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of South American Earth Sciences]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>649-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<label>[39]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Restrepo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Julián]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Obducción y metamorfismo de ofiolitas triásicas en el flanco occidental del terreno Tahamí, cordillera central de Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Boletín de Ciencias de la Tierra]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<page-range>49-100</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<label>[40]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Estudio metalogenético de las mineralizaciones auríferas del área de Ginebra y zonas aledañas, Valle del Cauca]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<label>[41]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schwinn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Guidebook to the geology of the Cali area]]></source>
<year>1969</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Colombian Society of Petroleum Geologist and Geophysicist]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<label>[42]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Classic A/CNK vs A/NK plot for discriminating metaluminous, peraluminous and peralkaline compositions]]></source>
<year>1943</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<label>[43]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Toussaint]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Restrepo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Edad K/Ar de dos rocas básicas del flanco noroccidental de la cordillera central]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Boletín de Ciencias de la Tierra]]></source>
<year>1978</year>
<numero>5-6</numero>
<issue>5-6</issue>
<page-range>71-2</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<label>[44]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Der Hammen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Estratigrafía del Terciario y Maestrichtiano continentales y tectogénesis de los Andes Colombianos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Boletín Geológico]]></source>
<year>1958</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>1-3</numero>
<issue>1-3</issue>
<page-range>60-116</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<label>[45]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villagómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spikings]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Magna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kammer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Winkler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beltrán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Geochronology, geochemistry and tectonic evolution of the Western and Central cordilleras of Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lithos]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>125</volume>
<numero>3-4</numero>
<issue>3-4</issue>
<page-range>875-96</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<label>[46]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Safonova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seltmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Early Carboniferous volcanic rocks of West Junggar in the western Central Asian Orogenic Belt: implications for a supra-subduction system]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Geology Review]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>56</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>823-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
