<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1900-3803</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Entramado]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Entramado]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1900-3803</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Libre de Cali]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1900-38032020000200186</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18041/1900-3803/entramado.2.6576</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Hacia una epistemología jurídica crítica: precisiones y distinciones sobre epistemología jurídica, métodos y metodología]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Towards a critical legal epistemology: Precisions and distinctions on legal epistemology, method and methodology]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Rumo a uma epistemologia jurídica crítica: esclarecimentos e distinções sobre epistemologia jurídica, métodos e metodologia]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguirre-Román]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Javier Orlando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pabón-Mantilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana Patricia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Industrial de Santander - UIS  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bucaramanga ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Docente investigadora, Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNAB, Bucaramanga - Colombia. apabon742  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>186</fpage>
<lpage>201</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1900-38032020000200186&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1900-38032020000200186&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1900-38032020000200186&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN Se parte de la siguiente pregunta: ¿Qué métodos, enfoques y estrategias metodológicas son pertinentes en la investigación en derecho? El artículo presenta algunas precisiones sobre las nociones de epistemología jurídica, métodos y metodologías, distinguiéndolas y estableciendo las relaciones existentes entre ellas. Los resultados se establecen con base en los hallazgos de la revisión de fuentes documentales, donde el objetivo general fue determinar el estado de la discusión sobre métodos y metodologías aplicables al derecho. Del resumen analítico de las distintas fuentes se tomaron los elementos que permitieron describir las variadas posturas existentes sobre el problema, para finalmente defender la hipótesis sobre la necesidad de una epistemología jurídica crítica. Se concluye que una noción de epistemología jurídica parte de la consideración de que el derecho es una ciencia, con un objeto de estudio propio, que recoge las metodologías propuestas por las ciencias sociales y que, aunque las investigaciones que se realizan en derecho van desde la validez hasta la eficacia, una investigación con pertinencia para estos tiempos requiere incluir la mirada certera de una epistemología jurídica crítica.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT The text starts from the following question: what methods, approaches and methodologies are relevant in law research? The development of the article presents some details about the notions of legal epistemology, methods and methodologies, distinguishing them but establishing the relationships between them. The results are developed based on the findings of the review of documentary sources, where the general objective was to determine the status of the discussion on methods and methodologies applicable to the law. From the analytical summary of the different sources elements are taken that allowed to describe different positions on the problem, to finally defend the hypothesis about the need for a critical legal epistemology. It is concluded that a notion of legal epistemology starts from the consideration that law is a science, with an object of its own study, which includes the methodologies proposed by the social sciences and that although the investigations carried out in law range from validity until effective, an investigation relevant to our times requires a look at what a critical legal epistemology would be.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[RESUMO Começa com a seguinte pergunta: Quais métodos, abordagens e estratégias metodológicas são relevantes na pesquisa em direito? O artigo apresenta alguns esclarecimentos sobre as noções de epistemologia jurídica, métodos e metodologias, distinguindo-as e estabelecendo as relações entre elas. Os resultados são estabelecidos com base na revisão de fontes documentais, onde o objetivo geral era determinar o status da discussão sobre métodos e metodologias aplicáveis à lei. A partir do resumo analítico das diferentes fontes, foram tomados os elementos que permitiram descrever as várias posições existentes sobre o problema, para finalmente defender a hipótese sobre a necessidade de uma epistemologia jurídica crítica. Conclui-se que uma noção de epistemologia jurídica parte da consideração de que o direito é uma ciência, com objeto de estudo próprio, que inclui as metodologias propostas pelas ciências sociais e que, embora a pesquisa em direito varie de validade à eficácia, uma investigação relevante para esses tempos exige a inclusão de uma aparência precisa de uma epistemologia jurídica crítica.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Epistemología jurídica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[método, metodología]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[epistemología jurídica crítica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[investigación jurídica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Legal epistemology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[method]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[methodology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[critical legal epistemology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[legal research]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Epistemologia jurídica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[método, metodologia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[epistemologia jurídica crítica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[pesquisa legal]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[AGUILERA HINTELHOLHER]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rina]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Identidad y diferenciación entre Método y Metodología]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Estudios Políticos]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<numero>28</numero>
<issue>28</issue>
<page-range>81-103</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ALSTON]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[William]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Epistemic justification: essays in the theory of knowledge]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<page-range>354</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cornell University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ANDER-EGG]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ezequiel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Aprender a investigar: nociones básicas para la investigación social]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<page-range>190</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Córdoba ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Brujas]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ARMSTRONG]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David. Belief]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Truth and knowledge]]></source>
<year>1973</year>
<page-range>228</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[AUSTIN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[John]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Sobre la utilidad del estudio de la jurisprudencia]]></source>
<year>1981</year>
<page-range>63</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro de Estudios Constitucionales]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BAGNI]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Silvia]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El aporte del derecho procesal constitucional al litigio estratégico sobre el cambio climático: comentarios a los casos Urgenda y Juliana]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ESTUPIÑAN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Liliana]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[STORINI]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Claudia]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MARTÍNEZ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rubén]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CARVALHO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fernando]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La Naturaleza como sujeto de derechos en el constitucionalismo democrático]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<page-range>333-64</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Libre]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BARBOSA CHACON]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BARBOSA HERRERA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[RODRÍGUEZ VILLABONA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Margarita]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Revisión y análisis documental para estado del arte: una propuesta metodológica desde el contexto de la sistematización de experiencias educativa]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Investigación Bibliotecológica]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>61</numero>
<issue>61</issue>
<page-range>83-105</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BONILLA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elssy]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[RODRÍGUEZ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Penélope]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Más allá del Dilema de los Métodos]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<page-range>226</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ediciones Uniandes]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BOTERO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrés]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Un marco de comprensión del avance de la investigación jurídica en Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista sobre enseñanza del derecho]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>35-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BUNGE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mario]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La ciencia, su método y su filosofía]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<page-range>144</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Argentina ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ediciones Siglo Veinte]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CALSAMIGLIA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Albert]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ciencia jurídica]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GARZÓN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ernesto]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LAPORTA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El derecho y la justicia. Enciclopedia Iberoamericana de Filosofía]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<page-range>17-27</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Trotta]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CLAVIJO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Devora]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[YÁNEZ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diego]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Método, metodología y técnicas de la investigación aplicada al derecho]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<page-range>106</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Pamplona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Pamplona]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CORREA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lucas]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La Enseñanza Clínica del Derecho: transformando la forma de enseñar y ejercer el Derecho]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[VÁSQUEZ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Studiositas]]></source>
<year></year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>34-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CRUZ PARCERO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Antonio]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LAUDAN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Larry]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Prueba y estándares de prueba en el derecho]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<page-range>218</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto de Investigaciones Filosóficas UNAM]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CRUZ PARCERO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Antonio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Los métodos para los juristas]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[COURTIS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Christian]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Observar la Ley: ensayos sobre metodología de la investigación jurídica]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<page-range>17-40</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Trotta]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DE LIMA LÓPES]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Regla y Compás, o metodología para un trabajo jurídico sensato]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[COURTIS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Christian]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Observar la Ley: ensayos sobre metodología de la investigación jurídica]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<page-range>41-68</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Trotta]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DESCARTES]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rene]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Obras Escogidas]]></source>
<year></year>
<page-range>525</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Charcas]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DÍAZ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elias]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Curso de Filosofía del Derecho]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<page-range>205</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Marcial Pons]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DUQUE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sandra]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GONZÁLEZ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Flor]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[COSSIO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nora]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MARTÍNEZ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sandra]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Investigar en el saber jurídico]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<page-range>170</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Antioquia]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DWORKIN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ronald]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Justice for hedgehogs]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<page-range>590</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambrdige, Massachusetts ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Harvard University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ESTUPIÑAN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Liliana]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[STORINI]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Claudia]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MARTÍNEZ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rubén]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CARVALHO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fernando]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La Naturaleza como sujeto de derechos en el constitucionalismo democrático]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<page-range>553</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Libre]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[FACIO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alda]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Cuando el género suena cambios trae. Una metodología para el análisis de género del fenómeno legal]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<page-range>131</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[San José ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[ILANUD]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[FERRAJOLI]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luigi]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Derecho y razón Teoría del garantismo penal]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<page-range>991</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Trotta]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[FERRAJOLI]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luigi]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Epistemología jurídica y garantismo]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<page-range>301</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Distribuciones Fontarama]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[FERRER]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jordi]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Prueba y verdad en el derecho]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<page-range>111</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Marcial Pons]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[FERRER]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jordi]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La valoración racional de la prueba]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<page-range>166</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Marcial Pons]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[FRASER]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nancy]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Fortunas del feminismo. Del capitalismo gestionado por el Estado a la crisis neoliberal]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<page-range>279</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Traficantes de sueños]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GARRIDO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joaquín]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ciencia del derecho en la escuela histórica y la jurisprudencia de conceptos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Derechos y libertades]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<numero>37</numero>
<issue>37</issue>
<page-range>207-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GASCÓN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marina]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Los hechos en el derecho. Bases argumentales sobre la prueba]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<page-range>230</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Marcial Pons]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GUEVARA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ragnhild]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El estado del arte en la investigación: ¿análisis de los conocimientos acumulados o indagación por nuevos sentidos?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Folios]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<numero>44</numero>
<issue>44</issue>
<page-range>165-79</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[HAACK]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Susan]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Trial and error: The Supreme Court's philosophy of science]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Journal of Public Health]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<numero>95</numero>
<issue>95</issue>
<page-range>66-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[HAACK]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Susan]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Evidence matters: Science, Proof, And Truth in the Law]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[HABERMAS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jürgen]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Conocimiento e interés]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revistas Ideas y Valores]]></source>
<year>1973</year>
<page-range>42-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[HABERMAS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jürgen]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Conocimiento e interés]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<page-range>352</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Taurus Ediciones]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[HALPÉRIN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jean]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Exégesis (escuela).]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Derecho]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<numero>48</numero>
<issue>48</issue>
<page-range>263-77</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>36</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[HART]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Herbert]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The concept of law]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<page-range>400</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Clarendon Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<label>37</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[HERNÁNDEZ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[FERNÁNDEZ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BAPTISTA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pilar]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Metodología de la Investigación]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<page-range>600</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[McGraw-Hill]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<label>38</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[HESPANHA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Antonio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tomando la historia en serio. Los exégetas según ellos mismos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[FORUM]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>13-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<label>39</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[JARAMILLO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[¡Qué es Epistemología?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cinta de Moebio. Revista de Epistemología de Ciencias Sociales]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<numero>18</numero>
<issue>18</issue>
<page-range>174-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<label>40</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[KAUFMANN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Arthur]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Filosofía del derecho]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<page-range>656</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Externado de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<label>41</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[KELSEN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hans]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Teoría pura del derecho]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<page-range>357</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Autónoma de México]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<label>42</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[KIRCHMANN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Julius]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La jurisprudencia no es ciencia]]></source>
<year></year>
<page-range>83</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Colección civitas]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<label>43</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LACKEY]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jennifer]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Learning from words. Testimony as a source of knowledge]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<page-range>308</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<label>44</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LAUDAN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Larry]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Truth, error and criminal law: An essay in legal epistemology]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<page-range>254</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<label>45</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LEMPERT]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Richard]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The new evidence scholarship: Analyzing the process of proof]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Boston University Law Review]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<numero>66</numero>
<issue>66</issue>
<page-range>439-77</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<label>46</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MEJÍA QUINTANA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Oscar]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Elementos para una reconstrucción del estatuto epistemológico de la filosofía del derecho]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Derecho y Realidad]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<numero>71</numero>
<issue>71</issue>
<page-range>45-79</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<label>47</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MEJIA QUINTANA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Oscar]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Elementos para una hermenéutica crítica: una introducción al problema del método en las ciencias sociales y el derecho]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Pensamiento Jurídico]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<numero>39</numero>
<issue>39</issue>
<page-range>15-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<label>48</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[PÁEZ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrés]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La prueba testimonial y la epistemología del testimonio]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Isonomía]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<numero>40</numero>
<issue>40</issue>
<page-range>95-118</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<label>49</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[PÁEZ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrés]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Hechos, evidencia y estándares de prueba: Ensayos de epistemología jurídica]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<page-range>240</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de los Andes]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<label>50</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[PINTO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Introducción al análisis documental y sus niveles el análisis de contenido]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Boletín de la ANABAD]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>323-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<label>51</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[RESTREPO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Medina]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Formulación de un paradigma para la investigación judicial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Diálogos de Saberes]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<numero>44</numero>
<issue>44</issue>
<page-range>145-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<label>52</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SAAVEDRA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Modesto]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Jurisdicción]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GARZÓN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ernesto]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LAPORTA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El derecho y la justicia. Enciclopedia Iberoamericana de Filosofía]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<page-range>221-30</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Trotta]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<label>53</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SCHAUER]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Frederick]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Was Austin Right After All?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ratio Juris]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<numero>23</numero>
<issue>23</issue>
<page-range>1-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<label>54</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SIMONS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Helen]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El estudio de caso: teoría y práctica]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<page-range>264</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ediciones Morata]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<label>55</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SOUSA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Boaventura]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Una epistemología del Sur: La reinvención del conocimiento y la emancipación social]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<page-range>368</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CLACSO y SIGLO XXI]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<label>56</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SOUSA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Boaventura]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Epistemologías del sur]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Utopía y Praxis latinoaméricana]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<numero>16</numero>
<issue>16</issue>
<page-range>17-39</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<label>57</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[STEUP]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Matthias]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Epistemology, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Stanford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Stanford University]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<label>58</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[TANTALEÁN ODEAR]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Reynaldo Mario]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tipología de las investigaciones jurídicas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Derecho y Cambio Social]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>43</numero>
<issue>43</issue>
<page-range>1-37</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<label>59</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[TARUFFO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michele]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La prueba]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<page-range>544</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Marcial Pons]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60">
<label>60</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[TEUBNER]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Grunther]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El Derecho como sujeto epistémico: hacia una epistemología constructivista del Derecho]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Doxa]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<numero>25</numero>
<issue>25</issue>
<page-range>533-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61">
<label>61</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[THAGARD]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paul]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Causal inference in legal decision making: Explanatory coherence vs. Bayesian networks]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Applied Artificial Intelligence]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<numero>18</numero>
<issue>18</issue>
<page-range>231-49</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B62">
<label>62</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[TWINING]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[William]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Taking facts seriously]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GOLD]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Neil]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Essays on legal education]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Toronto ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Essays on legal education]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B63">
<label>63</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[TWINING]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[William]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Rethinking evidence: exploratory essays]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<page-range>532</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B64">
<label>64</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[YUNI]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ARIEL]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Claudio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Técnicas para investigar: recursos metodológicos para la preparación de proyectos de investigación]]></source>
<year></year>
<numero>114</numero>
<issue>114</issue>
<page-range>201</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Córdoba ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Brujas]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
