<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1900-5407</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Antipoda. Revista de Antropología y Arqueología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Antipod. Rev. Antropol. Arqueol.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1900-5407</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Departamento de Antropología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de los Andes]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1900-54072020000400125</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7440/antipoda41.2020.06</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The Possible and the Impossible: Reflections on Evidence in Chilean Ufology]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Lo posible y lo imposible: reflexiones sobre evidencia en la ufología chilena]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[O possível e o impossível: reflexões sobre evidência na ufologia chilena]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diana Espírito]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vergara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejandra]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>41</numero>
<fpage>125</fpage>
<lpage>146</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1900-54072020000400125&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1900-54072020000400125&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1900-54072020000400125&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT This article is based on a year of fieldwork with ufologists, contactees, abductees, and skeptics in Chile, using methods including ethnography, media and website analysis, and in-depth interviews. Our argument is that the &#8220;UFO&#8221; serves as, what Galison would call, a theory machine, a multiplicity generating not simply heterogeneous interpretive frameworks through which to understand anomalous flying phenomena, in different ideological spheres, but thresholds of evidence as well. We take evidence here, not as given but as an ethnographic category. In particular, the UFO as a theory machine in the Chilean context, and the different stakes of evidence found within it, yields a theory of possibility and impossibility, which we have called evidence-as-possibility. This is not confined to matters of the existence of UFOs, but also spatial differences in which one conceives of such manifestations. We pit materialist understandings of evidence against ones that regard alien contact as something interior and embodied. But we also forego this division and explore how different, apparently contradictory facets of the evidence-as-possibility theory actually work together, such that each condition or event creates its own spatial configurations for UFOs. Finally, we explore &#8220;absurd&#8221; moments in which this theory machine collapses or goes into overdrive, escaping this spectrum of possibility altogether.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN Este artículo fue escrito a partir de un año de trabajo de campo con ufólogos, contactados, abducidos y escépticos en Chile. Los métodos empleados incluyen etnografía, análisis de sitios web y medios, así como entrevistas en profundidad. Nuestro argumento es que el &#8220;OVNI&#8221; funciona como lo que Galison llamaría una máquina de teoría, una multiplicidad que no simplemente genera marcos interpretativos heterogéneos para comprender fenómenos voladores anómalos en diferentes esferas ideológicas, sino también umbrales de evidencia. Aquí no tomamos la evidencia como dada, sino como una categoría etnográfica. En particular, el OVNI como máquina de teoría en el contexto chileno y las diferentes cosmologías de evidencia que allí se encuentran producen una teoría de la posibilidad y la imposibilidad que hemos llamado evidencia-como-posibilidad. Esto no se limita a cuestiones sobre la existencia de los ovnis, sino que se extiende también a las diferentes concepciones espaciales sobre dónde pueden encontrarse estas manifestaciones. Primero, contrastamos las concepciones materialistas de la evidencia con aquellas que consideran el contacto extraterrestre como algo interior y encarnado. Pero luego, renunciamos a esta división y exploramos cómo las diferentes facetas, aparentemente contradictorias, de la teoría de la evidencia-como-posibilidad realmente funcionan juntas, de modo que cada condición o evento crea sus propias configuraciones espaciales para los ovnis. Finalmente, exploramos momentos &#8220;absurdos&#8221; en los que esta máquina de teoría colapsa o se acelera y se escapa por completo de este espectro de posibilidades.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[RESUMO Este artigo foi escrito a partir de um ano de trabalho de campo com ufologistas, contactados, abduzidos e céticos, no Chile. Os métodos utilizados incluem etnografia, análise de sites e da mídia, bem como entrevistas em profundidade. Nosso argumento é que o óvni funciona como o que Galison chamaria de máquina de teoria, uma multiplicidade que gera não simplesmente referenciais interpretativos heterogêneos para compreender fenômenos voadores anômalos em diferentes esferas ideológicas, mas também princípios de evidência. No entanto, aqui tomamos a evidência não como dada, mas sim como uma categoria etnográfica. Em particular, o óvni como máquina de teoria no contexto chileno e as diferentes cosmologias de evidência encontradas nele produz uma teoria da possibilidade e da impossibilidade, o que chamamos de evidência-como-possibilidade. Isso não está limitado a questões sobre a existência de óvnis, mas se estende também aos diferentes conceitos espaciais sobre onde essas manifestações podem ser encontradas. Primeiro contrastamos os entendimentos materialistas da evidência com aqueles que consideram o contato extraterrestre como algo interior e encarnado. Logo, renunciamos essa divisão e exploramos como as diferentes facetas, aparentemente contraditórias, da teoria da evidência-como-possibilidade realmente funcionam juntas, de modo que cada condição ou evento cria suas configurações espaciais para os óvnis. Por último, exploramos momentos &#8220;absurdos&#8221; nos quais a máquina de teoria colapsa ou é acelerada, fugindo por completo dessa gama de possibilidades.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Absurd]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[aliens]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Chile]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[evidence]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[theory machine]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ufology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Absurdo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[alienígenas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Chile]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[evidencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[máquina de teoría]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ufología]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Absurdo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[alienígenas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Chile]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[evidência]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[máquina de teoria]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[ufologia]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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