<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1900-6586</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Científica General José María Córdova]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Cient. Gen. José María Córdova]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1900-6586</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Escuela Militar de Cadetes "General José María Córdova"]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1900-65862022000400852</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21830/19006586.1058</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Guerras híbridas, irrestrictas, asimétricas y jurídicas en el nuevo orden mundial]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Hybrid, unrestricted, asymmetric, and legal wars in the new world order]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sierra-Zamora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paola Alexandra]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castaño-Bedoya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejandro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Escuela Superior de Guerra &#8220;General Rafael Reyes Prieto&#8221;  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá D.C. ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Católica de Colombia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá D.C. ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>40</numero>
<fpage>852</fpage>
<lpage>869</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1900-65862022000400852&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1900-65862022000400852&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1900-65862022000400852&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen. Los conflictos actuales, con sus nuevas amenazas, sus distintos niveles de intensidad y su hibridación entre conflictos convencionales y conflictos irregulares, implican nuevos desafíos ante los cuales la inteligencia estratégica de los Estados a veces se queda rezagada. Este artículo analiza las transformaciones de las guerras en el desarrollo del sistema internacional a través de tres ejes temáticos. En primer lugar, se abordan las transformaciones de los instrumentos y métodos de las guerras híbridas, irrestrictas y asimétricas. En segundo lugar, se analizan los niveles de intensidad de los conflictos y lo que esto implica en cuanto a las amenazas y su conducción estratégica. Finalmente, se analiza el lawfare o las guerras jurídicas y su uso para el interés estratégico de algunos actores, en una mezcla de la estrategia político-militar con el derecho en el nuevo orden mundial.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract. With their new threats, different intensity levels, and hybridization between conventional and irregular conflicts, today&#8217;s conflicts, imply new challenges in the face of which states&#8217; strategic intelligence sometimes lags behind. This article analyzes the transformations of wars in the developing international system through three thematic axes. First, it addresses the transformations in the instruments and methods of hybrid, unrestricted, and asymmetric wars. Secondly, the conflicts&#8217; levels of intensity and what this implies in terms of threats and their strategic conduct are examined. Finally, lawfare or legal wars and their use for the strategic interest of some actors -in a mixture of political-military strategy and law in the new world order- are analyzed.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[defensa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[derechos humanos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[guerra]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[seguridad del Estado]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[seguridad internacional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[defense]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[human rights]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[international security]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[state security]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[war]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adamsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Cross-domain coercion: The current Russian art of strategy]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituí Franjáis des Relations Internationales]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bachmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Munoz M.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hybrid warfare as lawfare: towards a comprehensive legal approach]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cusumano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corbe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[A civil-military response to hybrid threats]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<page-range>61-76</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Palgrave Macmillan, Cham]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barbu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Considerations concerning hybrid war]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Strategic Impact]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<numero>56</numero>
<issue>56</issue>
<page-range>50-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bartolomé]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El empleo actual del concepto guerra en las relaciones internacionales]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Relaciones Internacionales, Estrategia y Seguridad]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>43-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bartolomé]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Amenazas y conflictos híbridos: características distintivas, evolución en el tiempo y manifestaciones preponderantes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[URVIO. Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios de Seguridad]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<numero>25</numero>
<issue>25</issue>
<page-range>8-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Britto Londoño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Lawfare, interdependencia armada y autoridad artificial penetrante en el poder judicial de América Latina]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nullius: Revista de Pensamiento Crítico en el Ámbito del Derecho]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>16-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buffaloe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Defining asymmetric warfare]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Land Warfare Papers, n.° 58]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[The Institute of Land Warfare; Association of the United States Army]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cancelado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La seguridad internacional frente a las amenazas globales contemporáneas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Análisis Político]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>68</numero>
<issue>68</issue>
<page-range>91-100</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castaño-Bedoya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Teoría dinámica del derecho]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Colmilibros]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castaño-Bedoya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Introducción a la razón prudencial. La virtud necesaria para conocer la verdad práctica en el derecho]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cianciardo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Etcheverry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saldaña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zambrano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Filosofía práctica y derecho]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<page-range>149-69</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[UNAM]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castro Orellana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La guerra de baja intensidad y la militarización de Centroamérica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Iztapalapa. Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>26</numero>
<issue>26</issue>
<page-range>13-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cerpa J.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pensamiento estratégico y el derecho]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[El pensamiento estratégico: una habilidad para anticiparse al futuro]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<numero>75</numero>
<issue>75</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chowdhury]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murshed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Conflict and fiscal capacity]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Defence and Peace Economics]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>583-608</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cubides-Cárdenas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pinilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sierra-Zamora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El derecho internacional humanitario y la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos en la protección de los derechos de verdad y justicia a las víctimas del conflicto armado interno colombiano]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cubides-Cárdenas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fajardo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Cuestiones dialécticas en torno a los derechos humanos y la paz]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<page-range>164-86</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituo Memoria]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Derleth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La guerra de nueva generación de Rusia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Military Review]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dunlap]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Introducción a la guerra jurídica. Manual básico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Military Review]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<edition>hispanoamericana</edition>
<page-range>1-11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dunlap]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Lawfare today: A perspective]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Yale Journal of International Affairs]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>146</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>El Tiempo</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Anonymous tumba página web del Ejército colombiano]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fonseca-Ortiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sierra-Zamora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bermúdez-Tapia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seminario-Hurtado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La percepción de los pueblos indígenas amazónicos sobre los derechos humanos y la ley]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Vniversitas]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<numero>71</numero>
<issue>71</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frías]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Futuros divergentes. ¿Contrainsurgencia o combate de alta intensidad?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Tiempo Devorado: Revista de Historia Actual]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>455-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El futuro de la conducción del sector defensa en América Latina: un nuevo modelo estratégico y su impacto en el diseño de las Fuerzas Armadas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Fuerzas Armadas y Sociedad]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>1-2</numero>
<issue>1-2</issue>
<page-range>183-200</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonçalves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Terrorismo: conhecimento e combate]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Impetus]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez Sanín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Internal conflict, terrorism and crime in Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of International Development: The Journal of the Development Studies Association]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>137-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Guerras del futuro: causas y estrategias]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Ibérica de Sistemas e Tecnologías de Informagao]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>E15</volume>
<numero>E15</numero>
<issue>E15</issue>
<page-range>88-99</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hasan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murshed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Does civil war hamper financial development?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Defence and Peace Economics]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>188-207</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jordán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El conflicto internacional en la zona gris: una propuesta teórica desde la perspectiva del realismo ofensivo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Española de Ciencia Política]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<numero>48</numero>
<issue>48</issue>
<page-range>129-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jordán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La escalada en las estrategias híbridas y en el conflicto en la zona gris (Global Strategy Report 11)]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Global Strategy]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kinross]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clausewitz and low-intensity conflict]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Strategic Studies]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>35-58</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kittrie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Lawfare: law as a weapon of war]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lech]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Modern jus post helium - Finding a new branch of international justice and law]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Polish Review of International and European Law]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>9-38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lozano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Esquipulas II en la estrategia de la guerra de baja intensidad]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Estudios Latinoamericanos]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>57-68</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lozano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benitez Manaut]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[De la contención pasiva a la guerra de baja intensidad en Nicaragua]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cuadernos Políticos]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<numero>47</numero>
<issue>47</issue>
<page-range>75-88</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luque Juárez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Los nuevos conflictos bélicos del siglo XXI: las amenazas híbridas]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Católica de Murcia, Repositorio UCAM]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. T. Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Lawfare: urna introdugáo]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editora Contracorrente]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Milosevich-Juaristi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El putinismo, sistema político de Rusia]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Real Instituto Elcano]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Minussi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La estrategia de disuasión convencional para la Amazonia Colombiana en la posvictoria]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Coleção Meira Mattos: Revista das Ciencias Militares]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<numero>25</numero>
<issue>25</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morales M.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El futuro de la naturaleza de los conflictos armados]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Boletín IEEE]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>1003-29</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Munoz M.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bachmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Lawfare in hybrid wars: The 21st century warfare]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>63-87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olegário]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Perspectivas político-estratégicas da guerra híbrida]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Repositorio UFSC]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliveros-Aya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Drones de guerra: preocupaciones jurídicas y bioéticas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Janus.net]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>19-29</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peperkamp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The relationship between Jus Ad Bellum and Jus Post Bellum]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mileham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Jus Post Bellum: Restraint, stabilisation and peace]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<page-range>96-127</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Brill; Nijhoff]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pineda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La guerra de baja intensidad]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Chiapas]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>173-96</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pizarro Leongómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Colombia: ¿guerra civil, guerra contra la sociedad, guerra antiterrorista o guerra ambigua?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Análisis Político]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<numero>46</numero>
<issue>46</issue>
<page-range>164-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La sociedad como blanco de los nuevos tipos de guerras]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[En XIII Jornadas de Sociología]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Buenos Aires]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramos Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tratado sobre pensamiento estratégico-militar]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Espiral. Estudios sobre Estado y Sociedad]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>78-79</numero>
<issue>78-79</issue>
<page-range>361-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyes-Velandia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Camelo-Cárdenas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Cabrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-Paz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poveda-Sandoval]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nossa-Ramos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castaño-Bedoya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Felicidad y procreación. Reflexiones sobre la maternidad subrogada y la infertilidad]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz-Vera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. Santa]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Persona y felicidad]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<page-range>185-211</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Católica de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salas O.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vollenweider]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calderón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[J.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[A.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zaffaroni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Lawfare: guerra judicial y neoliberalismo en América Latina]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Mármol Izquierdo Editores]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Selser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La intensa guerra de baja intensidad]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nueva Sociedad]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<numero>89</numero>
<issue>89</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sierra-Zamora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fonseca-Ortiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández-Osorio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Jus ad bellum, jus in bello, jus ex bello y jus post bellum]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ardila-Castro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C-]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sierra-Zamora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Whetham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[.), Ética militar y Jundamentación profesional. Evolución, conceptos y principios]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[25-48]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sierra-Zamora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fonseca-Ortiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-Tarazona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Análisis de la hidroestrategia y el derecho humano al agua en Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Científica General José María Córdova]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>37</numero>
<issue>37</issue>
<page-range>23-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Vidas armadas: cuarenta grupos guerrilleros y terroristas que cambiaron la historia]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Planeta Chile]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-Salazar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nuevas estrategias de construcción de la realidad del delito en el orden de las sociedades en red]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Utopía y Praxis Latinoamericana]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>123-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Monguí]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vizcaíno-Solano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-Salazar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Abrir la caja de Pandora: retos y dilemas de la criminología colombiana]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Novum Jus. Revista Especializada en Sociología Jurídica y Política]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>75</volume>
<numero>Esp</numero>
<issue>Esp</issue>
<page-range>2-28</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Irak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-Salazar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Das distorções da criminología do Norte global a urna nova cosmovisáo na criminología do Sul&#8221;]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dilemas. Revista de Estudos de Conflito e Controle Social]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>179-99</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;La construcción social de la realidad. Las ficciones del discurso sobre la impunidad y sus funciones sociales&#8221;]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Via Inveniendi e Iudicandi]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<month>a</month>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>105-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[¿El derecho es puro cuento? Análisis crítico de la sociología jurídica integral]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Novum Jus. Revista Especializada en Sociología Jurídica y Política]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<month>b</month>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>49-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sodupe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La teoría de la disuasión: un análisis de las debilidades del paradigma estatocéntrico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista CIDOB d&#8217;Afers Internacionals]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<numero>22</numero>
<issue>22</issue>
<page-range>53-79</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soto Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La zona gris, un desafío para la conducción política y estratégica]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Estratégicos]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stepanova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Military operations other than war: (The U.S. View)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Military Thought]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>127-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Escenarios mundiales: situaciones y conflictos]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional de La Plata]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tirado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El lawfare: Golpes de Estado en nombre de la ley]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ediciones Akal]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B62">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valencia Grajales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Insuasty Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evolución de las estrategias de guerra en Colombia. ¿Cómo han evolucionado las estrategias de guerra utilizadas por el ejército colombiano en la historia de Colombia, desde 1930 hasta 2006?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista El Agora USB]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>77</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>67-88</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B63">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ventura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Aplicaciones y desafíos de la guerra híbrida, irrestricta y zona gris para los sistemas de defensa latinoamericanos. Perspectivas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Ciencias Sociales]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>177-93</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B64">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Viamonte Garrido]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La inteligencia científico-tecnológica para el desarrollo y la seguridad geoeconómica latinoamericana]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Urvio. Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios de Seguridad]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<numero>21</numero>
<issue>21</issue>
<page-range>207-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B65">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The renaissance of security studies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Studies Quarterly]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>211-39</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B66">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Williamson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[From fourth generation warfare to hybrid war]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Strategy Research Project, Master of Strategic Studies Degree. The U. S. Army War College]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
