<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1900-6586</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Científica General José María Córdova]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Cient. Gen. José María Córdova]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1900-6586</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Escuela Militar de Cadetes "General José María Córdova"]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1900-65862022000400870</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21830/19006586.1014</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Del empoderamiento popular a las gobernanzas criminales: discurso y praxis en Venezuela (1999-2022)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[From popular empowerment to criminal governance: discourse and praxis in Venezuela (1999-2022)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cardozo-Uzcátegui]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejandro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Sergio Arboleda  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá D.C. ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>40</numero>
<fpage>870</fpage>
<lpage>890</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1900-65862022000400870&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1900-65862022000400870&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1900-65862022000400870&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen. El artículo ofrece un análisis del concepto de empoderamiento (empowerment) popular y de su acepción latinoamericana de potenciación popular. A partir de un análisis casuístico y discursivo de Hugo Chávez y el chavismo, se examinan los errores epistemológicos y empíricos en el uso de este concepto desde los albores de la revolución bolivariana o chavista, para comprender cómo la transición hacia un modelo de democracia participativa y, por ende, de empoderamiento popular resulta en gobernanzas criminales. Este resultado se deriva de la naturaleza clasista del discurso de Chávez, en el que se criminaliza la condición burguesa de sectores medios y altos de la sociedad venezolana.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract. This article analyzes popular empowerment and its Latin American understanding of the concept. Based on a casuistic and discursive analysis of Hugo Chávez and Chavismo, it examines the epistemological and empirical errors in the use of this concept since the dawn of the Bolivarian or Chavista revolution to understand how the transition towards a model of participatory democracy and, therefore, of popular empowerment results in criminal governance. This result derives from the classist nature of Chavez&#8217;s discourse, in which the bourgeois condition of middle and upper sectors of Venezuelan society is criminalized.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[chavismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[comunicación política]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[conflicto social]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[empoderamiento populan gobernanza criminal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[revolución]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Chavismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[criminal governance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[political communication]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[popular empowerment]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[revolution]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[social conflict]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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