<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1900-6586</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Científica General José María Córdova]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Cient. Gen. José María Córdova]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1900-6586</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Escuela Militar de Cadetes "General José María Córdova"]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1900-65862025000400883</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21830/19006586.1562</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Voluntad de lucha en la guerra ruso-ucraniana: análisis multinivel y lecciones para Colombia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Will to fight in the Russian-Ukrainian war: multilevel analysis and lessons for Colombia]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez-Calderón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos Enrique]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Escuela Superior de Guerra &#8220;General Rafael Reyes Prieto&#8221;  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>52</numero>
<fpage>883</fpage>
<lpage>921</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1900-65862025000400883&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1900-65862025000400883&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1900-65862025000400883&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN. Este artículo analiza la voluntad de lucha como un factor estratégico en la guerra contemporánea, enfocado en la guerra ruso-ucraniana. A partir de los modelos de Connable et al. (2018), McNerney et al. (2018) y Okonofua et al. (2024), se propone un marco multinivel que distingue cuatro niveles interrelacionados: el nivel micro (resiliencia psicológica del combatiente), el meso (cohesión organizacional y liderazgo), el macro (legitimidad estatal, cohesión social y resiliencia material) y el metanivel cultural-simbólico (narrativas históricas, ideologías y marcos culturales). Se muestra cómo Ucrania ha logrado sostener su defensa articulando reformas militares, cohesión social y una narrativa de resistencia existencial, mientras que Rusia depende de narrativas históricas y coerción interna, lo que limita su resiliencia a largo plazo. Finalmente, se extraen unas lecciones para Colombia, donde se enfrenta dificultades en cohesión social, legitimidad política y narrativa estratégica. Se concluye que fortalecer la voluntad de lucha en Colombia exige una estrategia integral que combine entrenamiento en resiliencia psicosocial, cohesión institucional, narrativa nacional inclusiva y educación cívica en defensa, para fortalecer la voluntad de lucha de la nación.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT. This article analyzes the will to fight as a strategic factor in contemporary warfare, focusing on the Russian-Ukrainian conflict. Drawing on the models of Connable et al. (2018), McNerney et al. (2018), and Okonofua et al. (2024), a multilevel framework is proposed, distinguishing four interrelated levels: the micro level (combatant psychological resilience), the meso level (organizational cohesion and leadership), the macro level (state legitimacy, social cohesion, and material resilience), and the meta-level (cultural-symbolic narratives, ideologies, and cultural frameworks). It demonstrates how Ukraine has sustained its defense by articulating military reforms, fostering social cohesion, and advancing a narrative of existential resistance, while Russia relies on historical narratives and internal coercion, which limit its long-term resilience. Finally, lessons are drawn for Colombia, which faces challenges in social cohesion, political legitimacy, and strategic narrative. It is concluded that strengthening the will to fight in Colombia requires a comprehensive strategy that combines training in psycho-social resilience, institutional cohesion, an inclusive national narrative, and civic education in defense to strengthen the nation's will to fight.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cohesión militar]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cultura estratégica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[guerra]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Rusia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ucrania]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[voluntad de lucha]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[military cohesion]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Russia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[strategic culture]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Ukraine]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[war]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[will to fight]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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