<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1900-6896</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Colombiana de Bioética]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. colomb. bioét.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1900-6896</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad El Bosque]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1900-68962023000100004</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18270/rcb.v18i1.3875</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Reemplazar ideas, reducir equívocos y refinar argumentos: una reinterpretación de las 3R de la experimentación animal]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Replacing ideas, reducing misconceptions and refining arguments: A reinterpretation of the 3Rs of animal experimentation]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Substituindo idéias, reduzindo conceitos errados e refinando argumentos: Uma reinterpretação dos 3Rs da experimentação animal]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cancino-Rodezno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ángeles]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zapata Clavería]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Miguel Alberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1900-68962023000100004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1900-68962023000100004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1900-68962023000100004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Propósito/Contexto. En el presente trabajo se llevará a cabo una reinterpretación de las tres erres (3R) propuestas por William Russell y Rex Burch (reemplazo, reducción y refinamiento), con el objetivo de ampliar su alcance y mejorar las prácticas de experimentación con animales no humanos.  Metodología/Enfoque. Se revisará el sentido que le dieron Russell y Burch a las 3R y se evaluará el modo en que cada una de ellas podría redefinirse o complementarse a la luz de las prácticas científicas, las posibilidades técnicas y los conocimientos bioéticos actuales vinculados al uso de animales en investigación.  Resultados/Hallazgos. El artículo mostrará que 1) no solo habrían de reemplazarse animales, sino también las ideas equívocas que tenemos, tanto sobre ellos, como sobre la importancia de la educación bioética en la formación científica, 2) que la reducción, además de referirse al número de sujetos utilizados en cada experimento, debería servir para acabar con investigaciones innecesarias, repetitivas y superfluas, así como con algunos persistentes equívocos sobre el modo de operar de la ciencia y 3) que el refinamiento tendría que salir del espacio experimental para extenderse al modo en que pensamos sobre ética animal en el ámbito de la investigación.  Discusión/Conclusiones/Contribuciones. El trabajo da cuenta de la importancia que tiene la incorporación del conocimiento bioético contemporáneo en las prácticas de experimentación con animales para mejorar el carácter reflexivo y ético de la ciencia.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Purpose/Background. In the present work, a reinterpretation of the 3Rs (3Rs) proposed by William Russell and Rex Burch (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement) will be carried out with the aim of broadening its scope and improving nonhuman animal experimentation practices.  Methodology/Approach. The meaning given by Russell and Burch to the 3Rs will be reviewed and the way in which each of them could be redefined or complemented in the light of current scientific practices, technical possibilities and bioethical knowledge related to the use of animals in research will be evaluated.  Results/Findings. The article will show that 1) not only animals should be replaced, but also the misconceptions we have, both about them and about the importance of bioethics education in scientific training, 2) that the reduction, in addition to the number of subjects used in each experiment, should serve to end unnecessary, repetitive and superfluous research, as well as some persistent misconceptions about the way science operates, and 3) that refinement should go beyond the experimental space to extend to the way we think about animal ethics in the research setting.  Discussion/Conclusions/Contributions. The paper reports on the importance of incorporating contemporary bioethical knowledge into animal experimentation practices to enhance the reflexive and ethical character of science.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo  Objetivo/Contexto. Neste documento, uma reinterpretação dos 3Rs (3Rs) propostos por William Russell e Rex Burch (Substituição, Redução e Refinamento) será realizada com o objetivo de ampliar seu escopo e melhorar as práticas não-humanas de testes em animais.  Metodologia/ Abordagem. Revisaremos o significado dado por Russell e Burch aos 3Rs e avaliaremos como cada um deles poderia ser redefinido ou complementado à luz das práticas científicas atuais, possibilidades técnicas e conhecimentos bioéticos relacionados ao uso de animais na pesquisa.  Resultados/Descobertas. O artigo mostrará que 1) não somente os animais devem ser substituídos, mas também conceitos errôneos sobre eles e a importância da educação bioética no treinamento científico, 2) que a redução, além do número de sujeitos utilizados em cada experimento, deve servir para eliminar pesquisas desnecessárias, repetitivas e supérfluas, assim como alguns conceitos errôneos persistentes sobre a maneira como a ciência funciona, e 3) que o refinamento deve se estender além do espaço experimental para a maneira como pensamos sobre a ética animal na pesquisa.  Discussão/Conclusões/Contribuições. O artigo explica a importância de incorporar o conhecimento bioético contemporâneo nas práticas de experimentação animal para realçar o caráter reflexivo e ético da ciência.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[bioética]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[experimentación animal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ética animal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[reemplazo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[3R]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Bioethics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[animal experimentation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[animal ethics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[replacement]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[3R]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[bioética]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[experimentação animal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[ética animal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[substituição]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[3Rs]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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