<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1900-9607</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[CES Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Ces. Med. Vet. Zootec.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1900-9607</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad CES]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1900-96072022000100058</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21615/cesmvz.6591</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Efectos colaterales del uso de la ivermectina en ganadería: comunidad de las boñigas en Colombia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Side effects of ivermectin use in livestock: dung community in Colombia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Efeitos colaterais do uso de ivermectina na pecuária: comunidade boñigas na Colômbia]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez Beltrán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David Alberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Antioquia Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>58</fpage>
<lpage>77</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1900-96072022000100058&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1900-96072022000100058&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1900-96072022000100058&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La ivermectina es el antiparasitario más usado en veterinaria a nivel mundial desde que entró al mercado en 1981. La U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) americana en su valoración de riesgos determinó que, si bien es muy tóxica para organismos acuáticos, es improbable que, con las aplicaciones registradas para uso animal y por sus propiedades fisicoquímicas, se lleguen a contaminar cursos de agua. Sin embargo, los efectos de la ivermectina (IVM) sobre la fauna de invertebrados no blanco si pueden tener gran repercusión en la ecología de los pastizales por los costes asociados a la presencia de las boñigas no degradadas. De hecho, las pérdidas económicas por disminuir la calidad de los pastizales y reducir la superficie de los pastos disponible y apetecibles al ganado se han calculado en hasta 380 millones de dólares para la economía americana. La ivermectina afecta a un grupo muy beneficioso y diverso taxonómicamente que habita las boñigas, incluyendo a moscas coprófagas, avispas parasíticas, y escarabajos coprófagos y depredadores. Algunos estudios muestran que las boñigas de animales tratados con IVM pueden permanecer en los pastizales sin muestras apreciables de degradación hasta 340 días, mientras que las de animales no tratados son degradadas casi totalmente después de 80 días. Además, estudios de campo y laboratorio han mostrado que la sensibilidad de muchos insectos ocurre a concentraciones muy por debajo de las que se excretan con las heces de bovinos tratados con IVM. Los efectos sobre la reproducción y desarrollo de larvas de coleópteros ocurren incluso a concentraciones que son de hasta 10 veces por debajo de las que producen mortalidad. En Colombia se han identificado al menos 68 especies de la subfamilia Scarabaeinae que integran la comunidad de las boñigas del bovino. La mayor diversidad de escarabajos estercoleros se ha asociado a bosques y sistemas silvopastoriles que incorporan arboles nativos y proveen hábitats favorables para su supervivencia.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Ivermectin (IVM) has been the world most widely used antiparasitic agent in veterinary medicine since it came to the market in 1981. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in its risk assessment determined that, although it is very toxic to aquatic organisms, it is unlikely to contaminate water courses from current applications registered for animal use. However, the effects of IVM on non-target invertebrate fauna can have great impact on grassland ecology due to the costs associated with the presence of undegraded dung. In fact, the economic losses from lowering the quality of pastures and reducing the area of pasture available and palatable to livestock have been estimated in $380 million for the American economy. Ivermectin affects a highly beneficial and taxonomically diverse group that inhabits dung, including dung flies, parasitic wasps, and coprophilus and predatory dung beetles. Some studies show that dung from IVM-treated animals can remain in pasture without appreciable signs of degradation for up to 340 days, while those from untreated animals are almost completely degraded after 80 days. In addition, field and laboratory studies have shown the susceptibility of many insects to occur at concentrations well below those excreted in the feces of cattle treated with IVM. Effects on reproduction and development of coleopteran larvae occur at concentrations that can be 10 times lower of those causing mortality. In Colombia, at least 68 species of the subfamily Scarabaeinae have been identified in dung communities. The greater diversity of dung beetles has been associated with forests and silvopastoral systems that incorporate native trees and provide favorable habitats for their survival.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo A ivermectina (IVM) tem sido o agente antiparasitário mais utilizado no mundo na medicina veterinária desde que chegou ao mercado em 1981. A US. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) em sua avaliação de risco determinou que, embora seja muito tóxico para organismos aquáticos, é improvável que contamine cursos d'água a partir de aplicações atuais registradas para uso animal. No entanto, os efeitos do IVM na fauna de invertebrados não-alvo podem ter grande impacto na ecologia das pastagens devido aos custos associados à presença de esterco não degradado. De fato, as perdas econômicas decorrentes da redução da qualidade das pastagens e da redução da área de pastagem disponível e palatável para o gado foram estimadas em US$ 380 milhões para a economia americana. A ivermectina afeta um grupo altamente benéfico e taxonomicamente diverso que habita o esterco, incluindo moscas do esterco, vespas parasitas e coprófilos e escaravelhos predadores. Alguns estudos mostram que o esterco de animais tratados com MIV pode permanecer no pasto sem sinais apreciáveis de degradação por até 340 dias, enquanto os de animais não tratados são quase completamente degradados após 80 dias. Além disso, estudos de campo e de laboratório mostraram que a suscetibilidade de muitos insetos ocorre em concentrações bem abaixo daquelas excretadas nas fezes de bovinos tratados com MIV. Os efeitos sobre a reprodução e desenvolvimento de larvas de coleópteros ocorrem em concentrações que podem ser 10 vezes menores daquelas que causam mortalidade. Na Colômbia, pelo menos 68 espécies da subfamília Scarabaeinae foram identificadas em comunidades de esterco. A maior diversidade de escaravelhos tem sido associada a florestas e sistemas silvipastoris que incorporam árvores nativas e proporcionam habitats favoráveis à sua sobrevivência.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[boñiga]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[escarabajos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Colombia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ivermectina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Colombia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[dung beetles]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ivermectin]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Colômbia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[escaravelhos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[ivermectina]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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