<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1909-3063</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Relaciones Internacionales, Estrategia y Seguridad]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[rev.relac.int.estrateg.segur.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1909-3063</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Militar Nueva Granada]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1909-30632022000100031</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18359/ries.5600</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The Triple Helix and its Intervention in the Research and Development of Products for International Security and Defense]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[La Triple Hélice y su intervención en la investigación y el desarrollo de productos para la seguridad y la defensa internacionales]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[A Tríplice Hélice e sua intervenção na pesquisa e desenvolvimento de produtos para segurança e defesa internacional]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giraldo Martinez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Guillermo Alfonso]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valencia Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis Rodrigo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Santiago de Querétaro ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>31</fpage>
<lpage>46</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1909-30632022000100031&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1909-30632022000100031&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1909-30632022000100031&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: This article aims to analyze the concepts and relationships of the Triple Helix Model (THM) proposed by Etzkowitz &amp; Leydesdorff as applied to international security and defense and the contribution of THM to the development of knowledge-based economies. The method used was a qualitative, descriptive analysis, reviewing reliable scientific sources and official web pages of countries and organizations such as the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the European Union (EU). The results showed that the generation of capacities in Science, Technology, and Innovation lead to assets in security and defense and the systemic development of products and innovative initiatives, creating a virtuous circle that allows universities, states and firms, to evolve basing their growth on the development of knowledge. Finally, as a conclusion it was found that investment in research and development in defense and security, articulated with the actors of the Triple Helix, is a driver of technological change that strengthen the concept of knowledge-based economies in the countries that achieve this articulation, as evidenced in the cases analyzed.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar tanto los conceptos y relaciones del Modelo de la Triple Hélice (MTH) que propone Etzkowitz y Leydesdorff aplicado a la seguridad y la defensa internacionales como la contribución del MTH al desarrollo de economías basadas en el conocimiento. El método utilizado fue un análisis cualitativo y descriptivo mediante la revisión de fuentes científicas confiables y páginas web oficiales de países y organizaciones como la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura (UNESCO), la Organización del Tratado del Atlántico Norte (OTAN) y la Unión Europea (UE). Los resultados mostraron que la generación de capacidades en Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación produce activos en seguridad y defensa y conduce al desarrollo sistémico de productos e iniciativas innovadoras. Este círculo virtuoso les permite a universidades, estados y empresas evolucionar fundamentando su crecimiento en el desarrollo del conocimiento. En conclusión, se encontró que la inversión en investigación y desarrollo para la defensa y la seguridad, en articulación con los actores de la Triple Hélice, es un motor de cambio tecnológico que fortalece el concepto de economías basadas en el conocimiento, como se evidencia en los casos analizados.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo: Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar os conceitos e relações do Modelo de Hélice Tríplice (THM) proposto por Etzkowitz &amp; Leydesdorff aplicado à segurança e defesa internacional e a contribuição do THM para o desenvolvimento das economias baseadas no conhecimento. O método utilizado foi uma análise qualitativa, descritiva, revisando fontes científicas confiáveis e páginas da web oficiais de países e organizações como a Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação, a Ciência e a Cultura (UNESCO), a Organização do Tratado do Atlântico Norte (OTAN) e a União Europeia (EU). Os resultados mostraram que a geração de capacidades em Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação levam a ativos em segurança e defesa e ao desenvolvimento sistêmico de produtos e iniciativas inovadoras, criando um círculo virtuoso que permite que universidades, estados e empresas, evoluir baseando seu crescimento no desenvolvimento do conhecimento. Por fim, como conclusão constatou-se que o investimento em pesquisa e desenvolvimento em defesa e segurança, articulado com os atores da Tríplice Hélice, é um propulsor de mudanças tecnológicas que fortalecem o conceito de economias baseadas no conhecimento nos países que realizam essa articulação, conforme evidenciado nos casos analisados.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Defense]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[economic and social development]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[innovation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[security technology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[triple helix]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[defensa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[desarrollo económico y social]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[innovación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tecnología en seguridad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[triple hélice]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[defesa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[desenvolvimento econômico e social]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[inovação]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[tecnologia de segurança]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[hélice tripla]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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