<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1909-3063</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Relaciones Internacionales, Estrategia y Seguridad]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[rev.relac.int.estrateg.segur.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1909-3063</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Militar Nueva Granada]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1909-30632025000200069</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18359/ries.7606</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Del imperio a la potencia global: un análisis histórico de las escuelas de política exterior chinas]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[From Empire to Global Power: A Historical Analysis of the Schools of Chinese Foreign Policy]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[De império a potência global: uma análise histórica das escolas de política externa chinesas]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guerrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mario Guillermo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de San Luis (UNSL)  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Villa Mercedes ]]></addr-line>
<country>Argentina</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>69</fpage>
<lpage>93</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1909-30632025000200069&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1909-30632025000200069&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1909-30632025000200069&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: El presente trabajo analiza la evolución histórica de la política exterior china desde mediados del siglo XVII hasta la actualidad, a partir de la identificación de cinco escuelas de política exterior que han orientado su accionar internacional. El estudio adopta un enfoque histórico-conceptual con el fin de comprender cómo los conceptos políticos que estructuran la acción externa -como soberanía, armonía, desarrollo o multipolaridad- han sido históricamente construidos, disputados y resignificados. El análisis muestra que la política exterior china no puede entenderse únicamente como una respuesta adaptativa a los cambios del entorno internacional, sino como la expresión de tradiciones ideacionales persistentes que vinculan pensamiento, poder e identidad civilizatoria. Si bien se observan rupturas significativas asociadas a transiciones de régimen y transformaciones del sistema global, también se advierten continuidades profundas en la manera como China concibe su papel en el orden mundial. El trabajo concluye que las escuelas de política exterior constituyen matrices de pensamiento que articulan los fundamentos doctrinarios e institucionales de la acción diplomática china, proporcionando un marco interpretativo integral para comprender la proyección internacional del país en tiempos de creciente multipolaridad.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: This paper analyzes the historical evolution of China&#8217;s foreign policy from the mid-seventeenth century to the present, through the identification of five foreign policy schools that have guided its international behavior. The study adopts a historical-conceptual approach in order to understand how the political concepts structuring China&#8217;s external action-such as sovereignty, harmony, development, and multipolarity-have been historically constructed, contested, and redefined. The analysis demonstrates that Chinese foreign policy cannot be understood merely as an adaptive response to shifts in the international environment, but rather as the expression of enduring ideational traditions that connect thought, power, and civilizational identity. While significant ruptures can be observed, associated with regime transitions and transformations in the global system, there are also profound continuities in the way China conceives its role within the international order. The paper concludes that the schools of foreign policy constitute cognitive and institutional matrices that articulate the doctrinal foundations of China&#8217;s diplomatic action, offering an integrated interpretive framework for understanding the country&#8217;s international projection in an era of increasing multipolarity.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo: O presente trabalho analisa a evolução histórica da política externa chinesa desde meados do século XVII até a atualidade, a partir da identificação de cinco escolas de política externa que orientaram sua atuação internacional. O estudo adota uma abordagem histórico-conceitual com o objetivo de compreender como os conceitos políticos que estruturam a ação externa - como soberania, harmonia, desenvolvimento ou multipolaridade - foram historicamente construídos, disputados e ressignificados. A análise mostra que a política externa chinesa não pode ser entendida apenas como uma resposta adaptativa às mudanças do ambiente internacional, mas como a expressão de tradições ideacionais persistentes que vinculam pensamento, poder e identidade civilizatória. Embora sejam observadas rupturas significativas associadas a transições de regime e transformações do sistema global, também se identificam continuidades profundas na maneira como a China concebe seu papel na ordem mundial. O trabalho conclui que as escolas de política externa constituem matrizes de pensamento que articulam os fundamentos doutrinários e institucionais da ação diplomática chinesa, proporcionando um marco interpretativo abrangente para compreender a projeção internacional do país em tempos de crescente multipolaridade.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[China]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[política exterior]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[escuelas de política exterior]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[posicionamientos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[historia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[China]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Foreign Policy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Foreign Policy Schools]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Positions]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[History]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[China]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[política externa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[escolas de política externa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[posicionamentos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[história]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
