<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1909-3667</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Tecciencia]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Tecciencia]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1909-3667</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad ECCI]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1909-36672018000200019</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18180/tecciencia.2018.25.3</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Biodegradation of Chlorothalonil Fungicide in Coastal Areas of the Colombian Caribbean Suitable for Banana Crops]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Biodegradación del Fungicida Clorotalonil en Áreas Costeras del Caribe Colombiano Adecuadas para Cultivo de Banano]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Betancourt-Portela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Julián Mauricio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bautista-Duarte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paola Andrea]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Narváez-Flórez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Silvia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parra-Lozano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Pablo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Santa Marta ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad EAN Facultad de Ingeniería ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad ECCI Facultad de Ingeniería ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Antonio Nariño  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>25</numero>
<fpage>19</fpage>
<lpage>28</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1909-36672018000200019&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1909-36672018000200019&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1909-36672018000200019&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Chlorothalonil (CHT) is a chlorinated-nitrogen fungicide used in the control of black sigatoka, a disease that affects banana and plantain, has adverse effects on the environment and its metabolites can be toxic. The CHT has been the object of several studies related to its behavior and degradation in the environment; however, few works have been developed in tropical areas, such as the case of the banana zone of Magdalena - Colombia. In addition, it is unknown if the microbial diversity existing in these soils can transform compounds such as CHT, thus these microorganisms can be the basis for the implementation of remediation strategies based on bioaugmentation. In this sense, the present study aims to evaluate the degradation of CHT in soils of a tropical coastal zone, under conditions of natural attenuation and bioaugmentation with native microorganisms. For this purpose, microorganisms capable of growing with CHT as their sole carbon source (10.8 mg.l-1) and tolerating a concentration up to 25 mg.l-1 were isolated and selected from soils in the Magdalena-Colombia banana zone. Subsequently, CHT degradation tests (2000 ng.g-1) were performed on experimental plots, with bioaugmentation of native microorganisms and natural attenuation during 35 days, evaluating the growth of microbial populations and the degradation of CHT by gas chromatography associated with a mass spectrometry detector (GC/MS). Because of the microbial selection process, 8 morphotypes were obtained with the ability to grow in CHT as the sole carbon source and tolerate concentrations up to 25 g.l-1. The isolates were identified by sequencing the 16S rDNA gene as belonging to the genera Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas and Citrobacter. The CHT degradation tests showed that under bioaugmentation conditions with the native microorganisms selected in the study, a 100% reduction was achieved after 21 days; while under natural attenuation conditions after 35 days the degradation reached values of 98.5%. The application of bioaugmentation of selected and enhanced bacteria increased the rate of pesticide degradation by ~2.5 times, reducing the half-life from 6.2 to 2.5 days. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the bioaugmentation treatment and that the selected consortium may be useful for bioremediation of banana crops soils contaminated with the fungicide.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El Clorotalonil (CHT) es un fungicida clorado-nitrogenado usado en el control de la Sigatoka negra, enfermedad que afecta al banano y el plátano, tiene efectos adversos en el ambiente y sus metabolitos pueden ser tóxicos. El CHT ha sido objeto de diversos estudios relacionados con su comportamiento y degradación en el ambiente, sin embargo, pocos han sido los trabajos desarrollados en áreas tropicales, tal es el caso de la zona bananera de Magdalena - Colombia. Adicionalmente, se desconoce si la diversidad microbiana existente en estos suelos, tienen la capacidad de transformar compuestos como el CHT, de tal manera que puedan ser base para la implementación estrategias de remediación basadas en la bioaumentación. En este sentido, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar la degradación del CHT en suelos de una zona tropical costera, bajo condiciones de atenuación natural y bioaumentación con microorganismos nativos. Para esto, se aislaron y seleccionaron a partir de suelos de la zona bananera del Magdalena-Colombia, microorganismos con capacidad de crecer con CHT como única fuente de carbono (10.8 mg.l-1) y tolerar una concentración hasta 25 mg.l-1. Posteriormente, se realizaron ensayos de degradación del CHT (2000 ng.g-1) en parcelas experimentales, con bioaumentación de microorganismos nativos y con atenuación natural durante 35 días, evaluando el crecimiento de las poblaciones microbianas y la degradación del CHT por cromatografía de gases asociada a un detector de espectrometría de masas (GC/MS). Del proceso de selección microbiana se obtuvieron 8 morfotipos con capacidad de crecer en CHT como única fuente de carbono y tolerar concentraciones hasta 25 g.l-1. Los aislamientos fueron identificados por secuenciación del gen 16S rDNA como pertenecientes a los géneros Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas y Citrobacter. Los ensayos de degradación del CHT mostraron que bajo condiciones de bioaumentación con los microorganismos nativos seleccionados en el estudio, se logró una reducción del 100 % tras 21 días; mientras que bajo condiciones de atenuación natural después de 35 días la degradación alcanzó valores del 98.5%. La aplicación de la bioaumentación de las bacterias seleccionadas y potenciadas aumentó la velocidad de degradación del plaguicida en ~2.5 veces reduciendo el tiempo de vida media de 6.2 a 2.5 días. Los resultados demostraron la efectividad del tratamiento de bioaumentación y que el consorcio seleccionado puede resultar útil para la biorremediación de suelos de plantaciones bananeras contaminados con el fungicida.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Bioaugmentation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Degradation Kinetics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Chlorothalonil]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Selection of Microorganisms and Fungicides]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Bioaumentación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Cinética de Degradación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Clorotalonil]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Selección de Microorganismos y Fungicidas]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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