<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2011-0839</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Universitas Medica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Univ. Med.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2011-0839</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Pontificia Universidad Javeriana]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2011-08392021000100004</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.11144/javeriana.umed62-1.seda</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Sedación para procedimientos en el servicio de urgencias]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Procedural Sedation in the Emergency Department]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez Prada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Catalina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peñaloza Rey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nicolás Felipe]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parra Córdoba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Fernando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno Carrillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Atilio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Pontificia Universidad Javeriana  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Pontificia Universidad Javeriana  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Pontificia Universidad Javeriana  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Pontificia Universidad Javeriana  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>62</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>33</fpage>
<lpage>45</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2011-08392021000100004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2011-08392021000100004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2011-08392021000100004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen En el Departamento de Urgencias, a menudo, los pacientes necesitan someterse a procedimientos diagnósticos y terapéuticos dolorosos, angustiosos o desagradables como parte de su atención. El uso de varios analgésicos, sedantes y anestésicos se ha descrito en varias guías bien referenciadas. Las diferentes opciones actuales para la administración de sedación en urgencias permiten que se realice de forma más efectiva y segura, además de que facilitan ciertos procedimientos que, de otro modo, requerirían anestesia en el quirófano. Así, se agiliza el manejo de los pacientes y disminuye su tiempo de estancia intrahospitalaria. El objetivo de esta revisión es exponer las estrategias terapéuticas tendientes a proveer el mejor manejo posible en los pacientes que requieren sedación para procedimientos no programados diagnósticos o terapéuticos en el servicio de urgencias.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Patients in the emergency department often need some painful, distressing, or unpleasant diagnostic and therapeutic procedures as part of their care. The use of various pain relievers, sedatives, and anesthetics has been described in several well-referenced guidelines. The different options for the administration of sedation drugs in the emergency room currently allow them to be performed more effectively and safely than in past times, in addition to facilitating the carrying out of specific procedures that would otherwise require anesthesia in the operating room, thus speeding up the management of patients and reducing the length of hospital stay of patients. The objective of this review is to present the therapeutic strategies aimed to providing the best possible management in patients who require sedation for unscheduled diagnostic or therapeutic procedures in the emergency department.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sedación consciente]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[analgesia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[medicina de emergencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[servicios médicos de urgencias]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[conscious sedation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[analgesia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[emergency medicine]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[emergency medical services]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Godwin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gerardo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hatten]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MacE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silvers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clinical policy: procedural sedation and analgesia in the emergency department]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Emerg Med]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>58-247</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Green]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roback]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krauss]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schneider]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kivela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Unscheduled procedural sedation: a multidisciplinary consensus practice guideline]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Emerg Med]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>73</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>51-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freeston]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gray]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Procedural sedation and recall in the emergency department: the relationship between depth of sedation and patient recall and satisfaction (a pilot study)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Emerg Med J]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>2-670</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>American Society of Anesthesiologists</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Practice guidelines for sedation and analgesia by non-anesthesiologists]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesthesiology]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>96</volume>
<page-range>17-1004</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Green]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roback]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krauss]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The newest threat to emergency department procedural sedation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Emerg Med]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>72</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>9-115</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Godwin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Rosen&#8217;s emergency medicine: concepts and clinical practice]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<edition>9</edition>
<page-range>52-61</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Elsevier]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Anesthesiologists A society for</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Continuum of depth of sedation: definition of general anesthesia and levels of sedation/analgesia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Monit Anesth Care]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<page-range>1-2</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Green]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reformulation of the sedation continuum steven]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JAMA]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>303</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>7-876</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bader]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pothier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Out-of-operating room procedures: preprocedure assessment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesthesiol Clin]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>6-121</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>American Society of Anesthesiologists</collab>
<source><![CDATA[ASA Physical Status Classification System.]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ML]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meyer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reardon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Biros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Procedural sedation of critically ill patients in the emergency department]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acad Emerg Med]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>8-124</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weaver]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hauter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brizendine]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cordell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Emergency department procedural sedation with propofol: is it safe]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Emerg Med]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>61-355</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weaver]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Terrell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bassett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Swiler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sandford]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Avery]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[ED procedural sedation of elderly patients: Is it safe?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Emerg Med]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>4-541</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Royal College of Anaesthetists and The College of Emergency Medicine</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Safe sedation of adults in the emergency department]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Crystal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McArthur]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harrison]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Anesthetic and procedural sedation techniques for wound management]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Emerg Med Clin North Am]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>41-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vinson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoehn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sedation-assisted orthopedic reduction in emergency medicine: The safety and success of a one physician/one nurse model]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[West J Emerg Med]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>47-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O&#8217;Connor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sama]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Callaham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ML]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[House]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaquis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Procedural sedation and analgesia in the emergency department: Recommendations for physician credentialing, privileging, and practice]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Emerg Med]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>70-365</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Josephy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vinson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Feasibility of single- vs two-physician procedural sedation in a small community emergency department]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Emerg Med]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>82-977</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Green]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krauss]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Supplemental oxygen during propofol sedation: yes or no?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Emerg Med]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>9-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mohr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wessman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Continuous capnography should be used for every emergency department procedural sedation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Emerg Med]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>61</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>8-697</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Terp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schriger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Routine capnographic monitoring is not indicated for all patients undergoing emergency department procedural sedation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Emerg Med]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>61</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>9-698</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Green]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pershad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Should capnographic monitoring be standard practice during emergency department procedural sedation and analgesia?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pro and con. Ann Emerg Med]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>7-265</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Apfelbaum]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gross]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Connis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agarkar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arnold]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coté]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Practice guidelines for moderate procedural sedation and analgesia 2018]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesthesiology]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>128</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>437-79</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Green]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roback]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krauss]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fasting and emergency department procedural sedation and analgesia: a consensus-based clinical practice advisory]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Emerg Med]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>61-454</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schmitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kellenberger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neuhaus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schroeter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Deanovic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prüfer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fasting times and gastric contents volume in children undergoing deep propofol sedation--an assessment using magnetic resonance imaging]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Paediatr Anaesth]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>90-685</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Molina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JAD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lobo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Review of studies and guidelines on fasting and procedural sedation at the emergency department]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Evid Based Healthc]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>8-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clinical practice advisory: emergency department procedural sedation with propofol: 2018 update]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Emerg Med]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>7-182</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parameters]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[practice guidelines for preoperative fasting and the use of pharmacologic agents to reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration: application to healthy patients undergoing elective procedures]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesthesiology]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>126</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>93-376</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Atkinson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[French]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nice]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Procedural sedation and analgesia for adults in the emergency department]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMJ]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>348</volume>
<page-range>1-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Myers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kelly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Procedural sedation and analgesia in adults]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Tintinalli&#8217;s emergency medicine: a comprehensive study guide]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<edition>9</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York, NY ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[McGraw-Hill Education]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Green]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mason]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krauss]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ketamine and propofol sedation by emergency medicine specialists: Mainstream or menace?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Br J Anaesth]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>116</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>51-449</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jalili]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bahreini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Doosti-Irani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Masoomi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arbab]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mirfazaelian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ketamine-propofol combination (ketofol) vs propofol for procedural sedation and analgesia: Systematic review and meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Emerg Med]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>69-558</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Green]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roback]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kennedy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krauss]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clinical practice guideline for emergency department ketamine dissociative sedation: 2011 update]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Emerg Med]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>57</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>61-449</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verhagen-Henning]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roessler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cremer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cremer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Strack]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Low-dose S-ketamine added to propofol anesthesia for magnetic resonance imaging in children is safe and ensures faster recovery--a prospective evaluation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Paediatr Anaesth]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>8-176</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zanos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moaddel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riggs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Highland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Georgiou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ketamine and ketamine metabolite pharmacology: insights into therapeutic mechanisms]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pharmacol Rev]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>70</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>60-621</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Treston]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McNabb]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monypenny]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cardwell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Profiling adverse respiratory events and vomiting when using propofol for emergency department procedural sedation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Emerg Med Australas]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>10-405</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bellolio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gilani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barrionuevo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Erwin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anderson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Incidence of adverse events in adults undergoing procedural sedation in the emergency department: a systematic review and meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acad Emerg Med]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>34-119</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Levins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Etomidate in procedural sedation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Air Med J]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>8-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Danahy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Biros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Randomized clinical trial of etomidate versus propofol for procedural sedation in the emergency department]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Emerg Med]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>15-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yates]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wolfson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shum]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kehrl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A descriptive study of myoclonus associated with etomidate procedural sedation in the ED]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Emerg Med]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>4-852</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vinca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barrett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tems]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CJD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Procedural sedation in the emergency department]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Out of operating room anesthesia: a comprehensive review. Springer]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<page-range>17-305</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Çoruh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tonelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Park]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fentanyl-induced chest wall rigidity]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Chest]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>143</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>6-1145</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brown]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lovato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Procedural sedation in the acute care setting]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am Fam Physician]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>71</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>85-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pinto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bhimani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Milne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nicholson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Procedural sedation and analgesia in rural and regional emergency departments]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Can J Rural Med]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>6-130</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Behrbalk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaufman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Halpern]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Procedural sedation with propofol for painful orthopaedic manipulation in the emergency department expedites patient management compared with a midazolam/ketamine regimen: a randomized prospective study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Bone Joint Surg Am]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>93</volume>
<numero>24</numero>
<issue>24</issue>
<page-range>62-2255</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sacchetti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Senula]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Strickland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dubin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[procedural sedation in the community emergency department: initial results of the ProSCED Registry]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acad Emerg Med]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>6-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McGrane]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hopkins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nielson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Procedural sedation with propofol: a retrospective review of the experiences of an emergency medicine residency program 2005 to 2010]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Emerg Med]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>11-706</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sury]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bullock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rabar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Demott]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Guidelines Sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in children and young people: summary of NICE guidance]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMJ]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>341</volume>
<page-range>c6819</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wood-Thompson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Enyuma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[COA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Procedural sedation and analgesia practices in the emergency centre]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[African J Emerg Med]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>8-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chawla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boateng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Deshpande]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Procedural sedation in the ICU and emergency department]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Curr Opin Anaesthesiol]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>12-507</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
