<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2011-0839</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Universitas Medica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Univ. Med.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2011-0839</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Pontificia Universidad Javeriana]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2011-08392021000400011</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.11144/javeriana.umed62-4.sris</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Secuencia de rápida de intubación en el servicio de urgencias: revisión actualizada de la literatura]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Rapid Sequence Intubation in the Emergency Department: An Actualized Review of the Literature]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piñeros Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Javier Andrés]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Niño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Freyberson]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Natalia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tovar Aguirre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos Arturo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Granda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos Albeiro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Camargo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Fernando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno Carrillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Atilio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Facultad de Medicina ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Facultad de Medicina ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Facultad de Medicina ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Facultad de Medicina ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Facultad de Medicina ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Facultad de Medicina ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af7">
<institution><![CDATA[,Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Hospital Universitario San Ignacio Unidad de Urgencias]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>62</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>107</fpage>
<lpage>124</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2011-08392021000400011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2011-08392021000400011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2011-08392021000400011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La secuencia rápida de intubación es el método de elección para el aseguramiento de la vía aérea en el servicio de urgencias. Este procedimiento, además del paso del tubo orotraqueal a través de la glotis, consta de diferentes pasos que se deben hacer de manera minuciosa y secuencial con el fin de asegurar la vía aérea en el menor tiempo posible, con la menor cantidad de intentos e, idealmente, sin complicaciones asociadas. Debido a la importancia de este tema, se han dado nuevas recomendaciones respecto a cada uno de los momentos de dicho procedimiento, partiendo de las indicaciones y contraindicaciones, enfoques para la preparación y planeación del abordaje de la vía aérea como las mnemotecnias MACOCHA y HEAVEN, el uso temprano de vasopresores y líquidos endovenosos para pacientes con riesgo de deterioro hemodinámico y el uso de diferentes técnicas para la preoxigenación como la ventilación mecánica no invasiva o la preoxigenación apneica. Además, es preciso individualizar a cada paciente al elegir cada fármaco, ya sea para premedicar, realizar hipnosis o relajación muscular. Adicionalmente, técnicas nuevas como el uso de ultrasonografía para corroborar el adecuado posicionamiento del tubo orotraqueal y los cuidados posintubación. Todos estos temas se abordan en esta revisión.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The rapid intubation sequence is the method of choice for airway assurance in the emergency department, this procedure in addition to the passage of the orotracheal tube through the glottis consists of different steps which must be done in a thorough and sequential way to ensure the airway in the shortest possible time, with the least number of attempts and ideally without associated complications. Due to the importance of this topic, new recommendations have been given regarding each of the moments of this procedure, starting on indications and contraindications, techniques to the preparation and planning of the approach of the airway such as MACOCHA and HEAVEN mnemotechnics, the early use of vasopressors and crystalloids for patients at risk of hemodynamic deterioration , the use of different techniques for preoxygenation such as non-invasive mechanical ventilation or apneic preoxygenation. In addition, we must individualize each patient when choosing each drug either to premedicate, perform hypnosis or muscle relaxation. Additionally, new techniques such as the use of ultrasonography to corroborate the proper positioning of the orotracheal tube and post-intubation care. All these topics will be addressed in this review.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[intubación orotraqueal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ultrasonografía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[medicina de emergencias]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[servicios médicos de emergencias]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[orotracheal intubation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ultrasonography]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[emergency medicine]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[emergency medical services]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brown]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bair]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pallin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walls]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Techniques, success, and adverse events of emergency department adult intubations]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Emerg Med.]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>65</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>70-363</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Okubo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gibo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hagiwara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nakayama]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hasegawa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effectiveness of rapid sequence intubation (RSI) versus non-RSI in emergency department: an analysis of multicenter prospective observational study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Emerg Med]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Groth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Acquisto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khadem]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Current practices and safety of medication use during rapid sequence intubation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Crit Care]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<page-range>65-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qiu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xue]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Intubation and ventilation amid the COVID-19 outbreak: Wuhan&#8217;s experience]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesthesiology]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>132</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>32-1317</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zuo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xue]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Expert recommendations for tracheal intubation in critically III patients with noval coronavirus disease 2019]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Chinese Med Sci J]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>9-105</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stept]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Safar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Rapid induction intubation for prevention of gastric-content aspiration]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesth Analg]]></source>
<year>1970</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>6-633</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cook]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Macdougall-Davis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Complications and failure of airway management]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Br J Anaesth]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>109</volume>
<numero>suppl 1</numero>
<issue>suppl 1</issue>
<page-range>68-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Higgs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McGrath]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goddard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rangasami]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suntharalingam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gale]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Guidelines for the management of tracheal intubation in critically ill adults]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Br J Anaesth]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>120</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>52-323</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mace]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Challenges and advances in intubation: rapid sequence intubation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Emerg Med Clin North Am]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>68-1043</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Malhotra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Practice guidelines for management of the difficult airway]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pract Guidel Anesth]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>127</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wythe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wittenberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gilbert-Kawai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Rapid sequence induction: an old concept with new paradigms]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Br J Hosp Med]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>80</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>58-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mosier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sakles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Law]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brown]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brindley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tracheal intubation in the critically ill: where we came from and where we should go]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Respir Crit Care Med]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>201</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>88-775</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Detsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ME]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jivraj]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adhikari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Friedrich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JO]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pinto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Will this patient be difficult to intubate? the rational clinical examination systematic review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Am Med Assoc]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>321</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>493-503</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ahmed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Azim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Difficult tracheal intubation in critically ill]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Intensive Care]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Umobong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EU]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mayo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Critical Care airway management]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Crit Care Clin]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>24-313</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nausheen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Niknafs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MacLean]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olvera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wolfe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pennington]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TW]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The HEAVEN criteria predict laryngoscopic view and intubation success for both direct and video laryngoscopy: A cohort analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olvera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[HEAVEN criteria: derivation of a new difficult airway prediction tool]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Air Med J]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>7-195</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Russotto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Myatra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laffey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[What&#8217;s new in airway management of the critically ill]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Intensive Care Med]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>8-1615</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Park]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Risk factors associated with inpatient cardiac arrest during emergency endotracheal intubation at general wards]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acute Crit Care]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>35-229</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wardi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nguyen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vyas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pokrajac]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Minokadeh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Factors and outcomes associated with inpatient cardiac arrest following emergent endotracheal intubation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Resuscitation]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>121</volume>
<page-range>76-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corl KA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agarwal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Azab]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amass]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marks]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A modified Montpellier protocol for intubating intensive care unit patients is associated with an increase in first-pass intubation success and fewer complications]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Crit Care]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<page-range>5-191</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scott]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SO]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zayaruzny]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Airway Management in Critical Illness: An Update]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Chest]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>157</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>87-877</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smischney]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kashyap]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khanna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brauer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morrow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seisa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MO]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Risk factors for and prediction of postintubation hypotension in critically ill adults: a multicenter prospective cohort study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS One]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>8 August</numero>
<issue>8 August</issue>
<page-range>1-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koenig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lakticova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mayo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Utility of ultrasonography for detection of gastric fluid during urgent endotracheal intubation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Intensive Care Med]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>31-627</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Semler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Janz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Russell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Casey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lentz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zouk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AN]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A multicenter, randomized trial of ramped position vs sniffing position during endotracheal intubation of critically ill adults]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Chest]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>152</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>22-712</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khandelwal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khorsand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mitchell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Joffe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Head-elevated patient positioning decreases complications of emergent tracheal intubation in the ward and intensive care unit]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesth Analg]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>122</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>7-1101</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stoecklein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kelly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaji]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fantegrossi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carlson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fix]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ML]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Multicenter comparison of nonsupine versus supine positioning during intubation in the emergency department: a national emergency airway registry (NEAR) study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acad Emerg Med]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>51-1144</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pourmand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robinson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dorwart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O&#8217;Connell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pre-oxygenation: implications in emergency airway management]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Emerg Med]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>83-1177</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Overbeck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Airway management of respiratory failure]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Emerg Med Clin North Am]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>97-127</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Au]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GWY]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Preoxygenation before intubation in adult patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: a network meta-analysis of randomized trials]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Crit Care]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guitton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ehrmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Volteau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maamar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jean-Michel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nasal high-flow preoxygenation for endotracheal intubation in the critically ill patient: a randomized clinical trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Intensive Care Med]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>58-447</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Doyle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stolady]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mariyaselvam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wijewardena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gent]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blunt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Preoxygenation and apneic oxygenation using transnasal humidified rapid-insufflation ventilatory exchange for emergency intubation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Crit Care]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<page-range>8-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[e Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barrionuevo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johnson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Erwin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effectiveness of apneic oxygenation during intubation: a systematic review and meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Emerg Med]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>70</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>483-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chanques]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nasal high-flow preoxygenation for endotracheal intubation in the critically ill patient? Maybe]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Intensive Care Med]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>4-532</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Topjian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raymond]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Atkins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Joyner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Part 4: pediatric basic and advanced life support: 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Circulation]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>142</volume>
<page-range>469-523</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>36.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nagler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Advances in emergent airway management in pediatrics]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Emerg Med Clin North Am]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>91-473</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<label>37.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vichitvejpaisal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gaines]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[White]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparative effects of lidocaine, esmolol, and nitroglycerin in modifying the hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Anesth]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>5-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<label>38.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bucher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koyfman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Intubation of the neurologically injured patient]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Emerg Med]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>7-920</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<label>39.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kramer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lebowitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walsh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ganti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Rapid sequence intubation in traumatic brain-injured adults]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cureus]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>e2530</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<label>40.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hassanein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zekry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moharram]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of lidocaine instillation into endotracheal tube on intraocular pressure during extubation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ain-Shams J Anaesthesiol]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<label>41.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adamzik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Groeben]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farahani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lehmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peters]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Intravenous lidocaine after tracheal intubation mitigates bronchoconstriction in patients with asthma]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesth Analg]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>104</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>72-168</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<label>42.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Takahashi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Okamoto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hagiwara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Watase]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shiga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Association of fentanyl use in rapid sequence intubation with post-intubation hypotension]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Emerg Med]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>9-2044</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<label>43.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stollings]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Diedrich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oyen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brown]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Rapid-sequence intubation: a review of the process and considerations when choosing medications]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Pharmacother]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>62-76</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<label>44.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Driver]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prekker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ME]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cole]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Satpathy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kartha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Drug order in rapid sequence intubation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acad Emerg Med]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>21-1014</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<label>45.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wilbur]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Is propofol an optimal agent for procedural sedation and rapid sequence intubation in the emergency department?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Can J Emerg Med]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>10-302</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<label>46.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bruder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ball]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ridi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pickett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hohl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Single induction dose of etomidate versus other induction agents for endotracheal intubation in critically ill patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cochrane Database Syst Rev]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>2017</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<label>47.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sih]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campbell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tallon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Magee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ketamine in adult emergency medicine: controversies and recent advances]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Pharmacother]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>34-1525</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<label>48.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bakhsh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Rocuronium versus succinylcholine for rapid sequence intubation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acad Emerg Med]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>8-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<label>49.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cheng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparison of rocuronium with succinylcholine for rapid sequence induction intubation in the emergency department: a retrospective study at a single center in China]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Med Sci Monit]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<page-range>1-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<label>50.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tran]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Newton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mount]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wells]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Rocuronium versus succinylcholine for rapid sequence induction intubation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cochrane Database Syst Rev]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>8-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<label>51.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muñoz-Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garrido-Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arévalo-Cerón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas-Viguera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cantera-Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalencia de contraindicaciones a succinilcolina en unidades de cuidados intensivos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Med Intensiva]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>6-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<label>52.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thapa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brull]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Succinylcholine-induced hyperkalemia in patients with renal failure: an old question revisited]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesth Analg]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>91</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>41-237</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<label>53.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kovacs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sowers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Airway Management in trauma]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Emerg Med Clin North Am]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>61-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<label>54.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-Ruiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vázquez-Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vía aérea en el paciente politraumatizado: utilidad de videolaringoscopía, como una alternativa y solución]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Mex Anestesiol]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>9-113</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<label>55.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Algie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mahar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mahar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ariyasinghe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wasiak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effectiveness and risks of cricoid pressure during rapid sequence intubation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cochrane Database Syst Rev]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>2015</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<label>56.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tseng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MHM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tracheal rapid ultrasound exam (T.R.U.E.) for confirming endotracheal tube placement during emergency intubation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Resuscitation]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>82</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>84-1279</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<label>57.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chenkin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McCartney]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CJL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jelic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heslop]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bandiera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Defining the learning curve of point-of-care ultrasound for confirming endotracheal tube placement by emergency physicians]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Crit Ultrasound J]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<label>58.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brown III]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sakles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NW]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Walls manuals of emergency airway management]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<edition>5.ª</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Wolters Kluwer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
