<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2011-2106</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Economía del Caribe]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[rev. econ. Caribe]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2011-2106</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Universidad del Norte]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2011-21062025000200010</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Análisis de las prácticas de sostenibilidad y gestión de en minas de carbón: Caso Municipio de Sogamoso, Boyacá]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Analysis of sustainability and resource management practices in coal mines: Case of the Municipality of Sogamoso, Boyacá]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas Triana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Isabel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cárdenas González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gloria Carolaine]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gamboa Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paula Alejandra]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>36</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2011-21062025000200010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2011-21062025000200010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2011-21062025000200010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La minería de carbón es un pilar económico en Colombia, pero su sostenibilidad está en entredicho por sus impactos, en este estudio, se busca evaluar la optimización de los recursos derivados de las minas de carbón en el municipio de Sogamoso, Boyacá, considerando aspectos ambientales, sociales y de salud pública. Mediante un enfoque mixto, combinando el análisis documental, con análisis estadístico multivariado de correspondencias múltiples, con observación directa, 23 entrevistas y 80 encuestas a actores clave. Se evidencia una profunda brecha entre el robusto marco legal colombiano y su precaria aplicación. La optimización responsable en la minería se asocia a conciencia ambiental, conocimiento legal y participación comunitaria; su ausencia refleja fallas de gobernanza; por ello urge fortalecer la fiscalización y la capacidad comunitaria para transitar hacia una minería sostenible, integrando gestión del capital, costos y valor circular.  Clasificación JEL: Q32, Q53, Q56; Q58, L71]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Coal mining is an economic pillar in Colombia, but its sustainability is called into question due to its impacts. This study seeks to evaluate the optimization of resources derived from coal mines in the municipality of Sogamoso, Boyacá, considering environmental, social, and public health aspects. Using a mixed approach, combining documentary analysis with multivariate statistical analysis of multiple correspondence, direct observation, 23 interviews, and 80 surveys of key stakeholders, the results reveal a deep gap between Colombia's robust legal framework and its weak enforcement. Responsible optimization in mining is associated with environmental awareness, legal knowledge, and community participation; its absence reflects governance failures. Therefore, there is an urgent need to strengthen oversight and community capacity to transition toward sustainable mining, integrating capital management, costs, and circular value.  JEL: Q32, Q53, Q56; Q58, L71]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Minería del carbón]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[gestión ambiental]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sostenibilidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[residuos mineros]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[gobernanza ambiental]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Coal mining]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Environmental management]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Sustainability]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mining waste]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Environmental governance]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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