<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2011-2173</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[rev.colomb.cienc.hortic.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2011-2173</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Colombiana de Ciencias Hotícolas, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2011-21732024000200007</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17584/rcch.2024v18i2.17657</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Critical period of weed competition in cowpea]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Período crítico de competencia de arvenses en fríjol caupí]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[VERGARA-CÓRDOBA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CÉSAR]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[POLO-ELIS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MELISA]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[COGOLLO-HOYOS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SALMA]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CARDONA-AYALA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CARLOS]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ESPITIA-CAMACHO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MIGUEL]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[PASTRANA-VARGAS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IVÁN]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ARAMÉNDIZ-TATIS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HERMES]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Córdoba  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Monteria ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Private Agricultural Researcher  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Monteria ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2011-21732024000200007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2011-21732024000200007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2011-21732024000200007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Weed competition is one of the factors that limit cowpea production in the world, causing losses of up to 90% of grain yield and quality. Knowledge of the critical period of weed competition (CPC) is important to prevent significant losses of grain and resources in the production process. The objective was to determine the critical period of weed competition in the cultivation of cowpea beans, Missouri cultivar, in two sowing seasons: dry (2022B) and rainy (2023A) of warm dry Colombian Caribbean. The randomized complete block design was used with eight treatments and four repetitions. The first four treatments corresponded to manual control of weeds in the intervals 0-10, 0-20, 0-30 and 0-50 days after emergence (DAE), the second four treatments corresponded to the crop-weed coexistence, in the same intervals. Cowpea grain yield, dry mass, cover and weed community composition were evaluated. The critical period of competition of weeds in the cowpea crop for the dry and rainy seasons was 14-33 and 14-29 days after emergence, respectively. The reduction in grain yield was 65.2% in the dry season and 80.46% in the rainy season. Rottboellia cochinchinensis had the highest occurrence rate with 30.3% and a density of 90 individuals per m2; which is important for the agronomic management of the crop in the humid Caribbean subregion.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN La competencia con arvenses es uno de los factores que limitan la producción del fríjol caupí en el mundo, causando pérdidas de hasta 90% del rendimiento y calidad de grano. El conocimiento del periodo crítico de competencia de las arvenses es importante para prevenir pérdidas significativas de grano y recursos en el proceso productivo. El objetivo fue determinar el periodo crítico de competencia de las arvenses en el cultivo de fríjol caupí, cultivar Missouri, en dos estaciones de siembra: seco (2022B) y lluvioso (2023A) del Caribe colombiano cálido y seco. Se utilizó el diseño bloques completos aleatorizados con ocho tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones. Los primeros cuatro tratamientos correspondieron al control manual de arvenses en los intervalos 0-10, 0-20, 0-30 y 0-50 días después de la emergencia (DDE), los segundos cuatro tratamientos correspondieron a la coexistencia cultivo-arvense, en los mismos intervalos. Se evaluó el rendimiento de grano del caupí, y masa seca, cobertura y composición de la comunidad de arvenses. El periodo crítico de competencia de las arvenses en el cultivo de fríjol caupí para la estación seca y lluviosa fue de 14-33 y 14-29 DDE. La reducción del rendimiento de grano fue de 65,2% en la estación seca y de 80,46%, en la estación lluviosa. Rottboellia cochinchinensis, fue la de mayor índice de ocurrencia con 30,3% y densidad de 90 individuos por m2; lo cual es importante para el manejo agronómico del cultivo en la subregión Caribe húmedo.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[weed control]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[interference]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[yield]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[dry and rainy season]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[control de arvenses]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[interferencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[rendimiento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[temporada de sequía y lluvia]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al-Deliamy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.O.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abdul-Ameer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The allelopathic effect of root exudates of mungbean and maize plants affected by metabiolic, fertilizer and mechanical stress factors on some indicators of germination of cowpea seeds]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>1213</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lacerda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aspiazú]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carvalho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Weed interference periods in cowpea crop]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. Caatigna]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cardona-Villadiego]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Araméndiz-Tatis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cardona-Ayala]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espitia-Camacho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluación agronómica y nutricional de ocho líneas de fríjol caupí (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. Investig. Agrar. Ambient.]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>29-38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carvalho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lino-Neto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carnide]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cowpea: a legume crop for a challenging environment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Sci. Food Agric.]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>97</volume>
<numero>13</numero>
<issue>13</issue>
<page-range>4273-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rocha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.R.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barreto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Albuquerque]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.A.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.M.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Weed interference in semi-erect and semi-prostate cowpea cultivars]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Planta Daninha]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>37</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cerna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[León]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Determinación del período crítico de competencia de las malezas con el cultivo de frijol caupí. Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp variedad INIA 423 - vaina verde, bajo condiciones de riesgo por goteo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pueblo Continente]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>395-403</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coelho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dalvi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.S.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Production and nutrient accumulation of common bean cultivars under competition with weed]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Planta Daninha]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>37</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de la Cruz-Zapata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-Soto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bautista-Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortiz-Díaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Osorio-Osorio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Identidad de mosca pinta (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) y sus hospederas en Cañaverales en Cárdenas, Tabasco, México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Southwest. Entomol.]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>144-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grazziero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.L.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adegas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Concenço]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Estimating yield losses in soybean due to sourgrass interference]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Planta Daninha]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>37</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández-Ríos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Osuna-Ceja]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pimentel-López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Saucedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Control de malezas en maíz, frijol, girasol y sorgo: efecto de métodos de control bajo dos sistemas de siembra]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Agro-Divulgación]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>81-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lacerda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aspiazú]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carvalho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Souza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.F.B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Periods of weed interference in cowpea crop in the semi-arid of Minas Gerais, Brazil]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Braz. J. Agrar. Sci.]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ribeiro-Rocha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santiago-Castro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Costa da Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.K.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferreira-Barreto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres de Souza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murga-Orrillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abanto-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Interferencia de Cenchruse chinatus y Rottboellia exaltata en el crecimiento del frijol caupí]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bioagro]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>21-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marques]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.J.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bianco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bianco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Filho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.B.C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cerveira Jr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carvalho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Weed interference on the accumulation of dry mass and macronutrients of eggplant &#8216;NÁPOLI&#8217;]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Planta Daninha]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>37</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Márquez-Quiroz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De-la-Cruz-Lázaro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Osorio-Osorio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-Chávez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Biofortification of cowpea beans with iron: iron&#8217;s influence on mineral content and yield]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Soil Sci. Plant Nut.]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>839-47</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Medeiros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.F.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lima e Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sousa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluation of selected cowpea varieties under competition with weeds]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. Cienc. Agron.]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>MinAgricultura, Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural Colombia</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Agronet: área, producción y rendimiento nacional por cultivo]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Osipitan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Weed interference and control in cowpea production: a review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Agric. Sci.]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>11-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peerzada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bajwa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chauhan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Biology, impact, and management of Echinochloa colona (L.) Link]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Crop Prot.]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>83</volume>
<page-range>56-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pessôa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U.C.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva Terceiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Souza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soares Filho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pimenta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Interferência de tiririca (Cyperus rotundus L.) e da compactação do solo no crescimento do feijão caupi]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Verde]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>61-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scavo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mauromicale]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Integrated weed management in herbaceous field crops]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Agronomy]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shabbir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chauhan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walsh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Biology and management of Echinochloa colona and E. crus-galli in the northern grain regions of Australia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Crop Pasture Sci.]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>70</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>917-25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.A.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliveira Neto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guerra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Helvig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maciel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.D.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Interference periods among weeds and soybean RRTM crops in the western center area of the Brazilian state of Paraná]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Planta Daninha]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>707-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simunji]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Munyinda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lungu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mweetwa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Phiri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluation of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) genotypes for biological nitrogen fixation in maize cowpea crop rotation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sustain. Agric. Res.]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>82-93</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vitorino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva-Junior]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonçalves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Interference of a weed community in the soybean crop in functions of sowing spacing]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. Cienc. Agron.]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>605-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>WHO, World Health Organization</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Malnutrition]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xiong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Motes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Genetic diversity and population structure of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS ONE]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yadav]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chopra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yadav]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rathore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Makarana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tamta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kushwah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ram]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Weed management in cowpea-a review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci.]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>1373-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
